一、创建普通Maven项目

使用IDEA创建普通的Web项目如下图：

创建普通Maven项目

二、创建Web项目

这里创建Web项目为Maven方式。

1. 创建Web项目

创建Web项目

2. 目录结构

添加java目录

添加测试目录

3. Maven插件

<build>
    <finalName>webshop</finalName>
    <plugins>
        <!-- tomcat插件 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <configuration>
                <port>8080</port>
                <path>/</path>
                <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                <ignorePackaging>true</ignorePackaging>
                <server>tomcat7</server>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>
    </plugins>
</build>

4. 测试运行

测试运行

测试运行

5. 添加目录WEB-INF

添加文件：web.xml

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<web-app xmlns="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee http://xmlns.jcp.org/xml/ns/javaee/web-app_4_0.xsd"
         version="4.0">
    <welcome-file-list>
        <welcome-file>index.jsp</welcome-file>
    </welcome-file-list>
</web-app>

三、Maven配置

<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<project xmlns="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0"
         xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance"
         xsi:schemaLocation="http://maven.apache.org/POM/4.0.0 http://maven.apache.org/xsd/maven-4.0.0.xsd">
    <modelVersion>4.0.0</modelVersion>

    <groupId>com.neuedu</groupId>
    <artifactId>webapp</artifactId>
    <version>1.0.0</version>

    <properties>
        <project.build.sourceEncoding>UTF-8</project.build.sourceEncoding>
        <maven.compiler.source>1.8</maven.compiler.source>
        <maven.compiler.target>1.8</maven.compiler.target>
    </properties>
    <dependencies>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>javax.servlet-api</artifactId>
            <version>4.0.1</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet.jsp</groupId>
            <artifactId>jsp-api</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <scope>provided</scope>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>javax.servlet</groupId>
            <artifactId>jstl</artifactId>
            <version>1.2</version>
        </dependency>
        <dependency>
            <groupId>junit</groupId>
            <artifactId>junit</artifactId>
            <version>4.12</version>
            <scope>test</scope>
        </dependency>
    </dependencies>

</project>

四、配置Tomcat插件

https://github.com/apache/tomcat-maven-plugin

1. 配置maven的setting.xml

配置 Tomcat 访问权限：

在 conf/setting.xml 文件中的标签 <servers> 添加子标签。通过标签名字，我们知道这主要是为了让 maven 去关联我们的 Tomcat 服务器。

<server> 
    <id>tomcat8</id>
    <username>admin</username>
    <password>admin</password>
</server>

2. 配置Tomcat插件

Tomcat8

  <pluginRepositories>
    <pluginRepository>
      <id>tomcat8-plugin</id>
      <url>https://artifacts.alfresco.com/nexus/content/repositories/public/</url>
    </pluginRepository>
  </pluginRepositories>
  <build>
    <plugins>
      <!-- 配置Tomcat插件 -->
      <plugin>
        <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
        <artifactId>tomcat8-maven-plugin</artifactId>
        <version>3.0-r1756463</version>
        <configuration>
          <!-- 这里配置端口号和访问路径 -->
          <path>/</path>
          <url>http://localhost:8080/</url>
          <username>tomcat</username>
          <password>tomcat</password> 
          <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
          <!--添加忽略war包检查标签，则可以让tomcat7：run指令正常启动tomcat-->
           <ignorePackaging>true</ignorePackaging>
        </configuration>
      </plugin>
    </plugins>
  </build>

Tomcat7

     <!-- tomcat插件 -->
        <plugin>
            <groupId>org.apache.tomcat.maven</groupId>
            <artifactId>tomcat7-maven-plugin</artifactId>
            <version>2.2</version>
            <configuration>
                <port>8080</port>
                <path>/test</path>
                <uriEncoding>UTF-8</uriEncoding>
                <ignorePackaging>true</ignorePackaging>
                <server>tomcat7</server>
            </configuration>
        </plugin>

执行命令：
1）Run as → clean install
2）Run as → tomcat7:deploy 注：第1次部署执行
3）Run as → tomcat7:redeploy 注：第2次或以后需要重新发布执行
4）Run as → tomcat7:run 注：部署到 tomcat 中启动

五、Servlet测试代码

@WebServlet("/Servlet")
public class Servlet extends HttpServlet {
    protected void doPost(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {

    }
    protected void doGet(HttpServletRequest request, HttpServletResponse response) throws ServletException, IOException {
        response.setContentType("text/html");
        response.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8");
        PrintWriter writer=response.getWriter();
        writer.append("<!DOCTYPE html>")
                .append("<html><head></head><body>")
                .append("测试")
                .append("</body></html>");
    }
}