Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 词根笔记（5）CRIM
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1.每篇文章介绍一个词根及四个含有词根的单词
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CRIM comes from the Latin words for “fault or crime” or “accusation.” A crime is an act forbidden by the government, which the government itself will punish you for, and for which you may be branded a criminal. A crime is usually more serious than a tort, a “civil wrong” for which the wronged person must himself sue if he wants to get repaid in some way.
CRIM 来自拉丁语中的“错误或犯罪”或“指责”。crime是政府禁止的行为，犯了罪政府会惩罚你，你可能被判为罪犯。 crime通常比侵权更为严重，如果受害人想要以某种方式获得偿还，他必须自己起诉“民事不法行为”。
1.criminology/ˌkrɪməˈnɒlədʒi, ˌkrɪmɪˈnɒlədʒi/
The study of crime, criminals, law enforcement, and punishment.犯罪学
His growing interest in criminology led him to become a probation officer（缓刑犯的监视官）.
对犯罪学越来越多的兴趣使他变成了一名缓刑监督官。
Criminology includes the study of all aspects of crime and law enforcement—criminal psychology, the social setting of crime, prohibition and prevention, investigation and detection, capture and punishment. Thus, many of the people involved—legislators, social workers, probation officers, judges, etc.—could possibly be considered criminologists, though the word usually refers only to scholars and researchers.
犯罪学包括犯罪和执法的各个方面 - 犯罪心理学，犯罪的社会背景，禁止和预防，调查和侦查，捕获和惩罚。 因此，有很多参与者 - 立法者，社会工作者，缓刑官员，法官等 - 都能被认为是犯罪学家，尽管这个词通常只指学者和研究人员。
2.decriminalize/diːˈkrɪmənəlaɪz, diːˈkrɪmɪnəlaɪz/
To remove or reduce the criminal status of.将(原本非法的事情)合法化
An angry debate over decriminalizing doctor-assisted suicide raged all day in the statehouse.
议会里，关于“医生协助自杀合法化”的激烈争论持续了一整天。
Decriminalization of various “victimless crimes”—crimes that don't directly harm others, such as private gambling and drug-taking—has been recommended by conservatives as well as liberals, who often claim that it would ease the burden on the legal system, decrease the amount of money flowing to criminals, and increase personal liberty. Decriminalization is not the same as legalization; decriminalization may still call for a small fine (like a traffic ticket), and may apply only to use or possession of something, leaving the actual sale of goods or services illegal.
合法化各种“无辜犯罪” - 不直接伤害他人的犯罪，如私人赌博和吸毒 - 已经被保守派和自由派推荐，他们经常声称它会减轻法律制度的负担， 减少流向管制罪犯的金钱数量，增加人身自由。 非犯罪化与合法化不一样; 非刑事化可能仍然要求罚款（和交通罚单一样），并且可能仅适用于使用或拥有某物，但货物或服务的实际交易仍不合法。
3.incriminate/ɪnˈkrɪməneɪt, ɪnˈkrɪmɪneɪt/
To show evidence of involvement in a crime or a fault.暗示…有罪;牵连;连累
The muddy tracks leading to and from the cookie jar were enough to incriminate them.
来往于饼干罐子的泥泞的脚印足以判定他们有罪。
Testimony may incriminate a suspect by placing him at the scene of a crime, and incriminating evidence is the kind that strongly links him to it. But the word doesn't always refer to an actual crime. We can say, for instance, that a virus has been incriminated as the cause of a type of cancer, or that video games have been incriminated in the decline in study skills among young people.
证词可能通过表明犯罪嫌疑人在犯罪现场而使罪犯获罪，而且确凿的证据与他密切相关。 但这个词并不总是指实际的犯罪。 例如，我们可以说，有证据表明某种病毒已经成为某种癌症的原因，或者年轻人的学习能力下降已经表明与电子游戏有关。
4.recrimination/rɪˌkrɪməˈneɪʃən, rɪˌkrɪmɪˈneɪʃən/
(1) An accusation in answer to an accusation made against oneself. (2) The making of such an accusation.反诉;相互指责;反唇相讥
Their failure to find help led to endless and pointless recriminations over responsibility for the accident.
他们没有找到帮助，这导致了在事故责任上无尽的且无意义的相互指责。
Defending oneself from a verbal attack by means of a counterattack is as natural as physical self-defense. So a disaster often brings recriminations among those connected with it, and divorces and child-custody battles usually involve recriminations between husband and wife. An actual crime isn't generally involved, but it may be; when two suspects start exchanging angry recriminations after they've been picked up, it often leads to one of them turning against the other in court.
通过反击来保护自己免受口头攻击与身体自卫一样自然。 因此，一场灾难往往会在与之有关的人中间引起相互指责，而离婚和子女抚养权的争夺通常涉及到夫妻之间的相互指责。 实际犯罪一般不涉及，但也有可能是; 当两名嫌犯在被起诉后开始交换愤怒的指责时，往往会导致其中一名嫌犯在法庭上与另一名嫌犯对立。
