Can hard work beat intelligence?  勤奋可以战胜天分吗？

Popular Answer：Hard work always beat intelligence. Keeping working hard and you will get all your dreams realized.

公认答案：勤奋确实可以打败天分。只要坚持努力，你的梦想一定都能实现。

Realistic Answer：Intelligence is much superior to hard work. If you keep working hard without knowing the right way, you reach nowhere.

实际答案：天分比勤奋重要多了。如果你一直坚持努力，但方法错误，那你怎么努力都不会成功的。

My Explanation：

我的解释：

Most people have answered that hard work is more important than knowledge.It is not because that is the reality but because we wish to hear this answer.

We wish to hear this answer because we believe that intelligence is unchangeable and we are born with it. Hard work is,however, in our hand as we can always force ourselves to work harder.

We don’t want to listen that intelligence more powerful because we would then feel helpless as hard-work can’t play. Little do we know that there are so many types of intelligences and most of them are simply immeasurable.

很多人都会说勤奋比天分更重要，人们这么说并不是因为这是事实，而是自己希望听到这样的回答。

我们希望听到这样的答案是因为我们深信天分是根深蒂固的，不为任何事情所转移，我们生来就附带了。而勤奋和努力，则是掌握在我们自己的手中，我们总是可以通过勤奋来逼自己一把。

What is Intelligence?

智力是什么？

In 1921, a classical symposium was convened by the editors of the Journal of Educational Psychology to discuss three questions

What is intelligence?

How can it be measured best?

What are the next most crucial steps in research?

The seventeen leading researchers participating in the event came up with fourteen different answers.

1921年，教育心理学杂志举办了一个经典的座谈会，座谈会讨论了三个问题。

智力是什么？

最有效衡量智力的方法是什么？

下一步的研究重点是什么？

17位顶尖专家参与了此次研究活动，并得到了14个不同的答案。

Sixty-five years later, in the year 1986,another attempt was made to comprehend intelligence by repeating the three questions. Twenty-seven leading international experts gathered to address the issue. But they too failed to arrive at any consensus. The 1986 forum threw up two dozen different definitions of intelligence; the inconsequent results reflecting the frustration of 1921.

65年后也就是1986年，人们又一次尝试着通过这三个问题解开这个谜团。27位顶尖的世界级专家聚集在一起想要解决这一问题，但是他们也没有达成共识。1986年的讨论会对智力有两种不同的定义，这次依旧没有达成一致又让人们想起了1921年的那次失败。

Till date, experts are unsure whether intelligence is a singular ability or a combination of aptitudes. One group of scientists called ‘Lumpers’ view intelligence as a single capacity. There is another category of scientists called ‘Splitters’ who, however, believe that intelligence is divided into many separate mental abilities. For example,Charles Spearman believed that intelligence can be explained only by a pervasive overall mental ability that can be termed as the ‘G Factor’ or the General Intelligence Factor. A majority of experts, however, agree that intelligence involves multiple traits.

直到现在，专家仍然不确定智力究竟是单一能力，还是组合能力。认为是一种单一能力的科学家被称为“主和派”，另一组科学家，则认为智力可以被分成很多独立的精神能力，他们被称作“主分派”。例如，专家Charles Spearman就认为智力只能被认为是一种普遍的综合心智能力，专业术语为“G 因素”，即“一般智力因素”。而多数专家则认为，智力则牵涉到多个复杂点。

Robert J Stemberg presented the Triarchic Theory of Intelligence, which divides intelligence into three traits—analytical intelligence, creative intelligence and practical intelligence. Howard Gardner gave the theory of Multiple Intelligences (MI), which divided it into eight different types of intelligences—linguistic, logical-mathematical, spatial,bodily- kinaesthetic, musical, interpersonal, intra-personal and naturalist—ability to understand natural and man-made systems.

Robert J Stemberg提出了三元智力理论，该理论将智力分成三个分支——分析力、创造力、和实践力。Howard Gardner则提出多元智力理论（简称MI），该理论则分出了8中智力类型——语言能力、数理逻辑、空间力、身体动感、音乐、社交能力、自我以及自然主义（即理解自然系统与人造系统的能力）

One group of scientists, headed by JP Guilford, found that the structure of the intellect comprised four contents,five operations, and six processes. In trying to match differing abilities, the group came up with 120 unique combinations of abilities. Guilford later increased the number of abilities to the final 180 factors that were together responsible for intelligence. [1]

以JP Guilford为首的另一组科学家们发现，智力结构包含4类内容，5个过程，以及6个产物。为了组合出不同的能力，小组得出了120种不同的能力组合，Guilford后来还将这个数字增加到最终的180种，这180种综合解释了什么是智力。

Follow Your Intelligence

跟着天分走。

My younger brother was very poor in academics.He could barely pass any classes without getting supplementary. Everyone thought that he would be a big failure in life. He would have been a sure failure, if he would have chosen to work hard what he was doing instead of pursuing a profession which suited his intelligence. However, he identified that he has ‘social intelligence’ as he understood people accurately and predict their behavior. Instead of choosing to go for higher education, he rather opted out of the race and started his own business. Today he employs hundreds of people and earns millions of rupees every month.

He is not alone in achieving success because of choosing a profession that suited his intelligence.

我的弟弟在学习方面非常差，要是没有补考的话，他几乎所有的课程都不及格。每个人都认为他的人生一定会很失败。如果当初他选择一直在现在的岗位上勤奋坚持，他的人生确实注定失败，可是他没有，而是去追求了自己有天分的职业。他清晰的认识到自己有很强的“社会能力”，就是他可以精准的理解别人，并预测到他们的行为。他没有选择接受更高的教育，而是选择退出竞争，开创了自己的事业。现在他的企业有一百多号员工，每个月挣百万卢比。

他并不是唯一的一个，还有很多人也是选对了与自己天分符合的职业，而获得了成功。

Dhirubhai Ambani, just a matriculate who came from a poor family and started out selling bhajias—fried vegetable dumplings over the weekends to pilgrims in Mount Girnar. The same Dhirubhai later founded India’s biggest corporate empire, Reliance Industries that employed thousands, including hundreds of MBAs from top business schools of theworld.

迪路巴依·阿慕巴尼（1932-2002）家境贫寒，仅被大学录取，周末在Gimar山卖油炸的蔬菜馅儿水饺给香客。就是他，成立了印度最大的商业帝国——瑞来斯实业，员工上千人，其中有好几百人是来自世界顶级商业学校的工商管理学硕士。

Sunil Bharti Mittal too began with a small bicycle business in Ludhiana, in partnership with his friend. Mittal over time,went on to form Bharti Telecom Limited, which is now the top telecom company inIndia, boasting a turnover of several billion dollars. [2]

Sunil Bharti Mittal也是从卢迪亚纳一个小小的自行车公司起家的，他和朋友合伙开了这间公司。不久之后，他自己成立了巴蒂科技有限公司，这间公司现在已经是印度顶尖的电信公司，营业额达到数十亿美元。

Don’t just do hard work.

Work smart by integrating hard work with your intelligence.

When intelligence is combined with hard-work, miracle is created and dreams are realized.

别只盲目努力。

将你的努力和天分相结合。

当两相结合在一起时，奇迹会发生，梦想也终能实现。

Source:

1: Practising Spiritual Intelligence by DrAwdhesh Singh

2: The Secret Red Book of Leadership by DrAwdhesh Singh

最后两段让我认识了两位伟大的印度企业家，通过搜索他们的简历，获益良多。

没有哪个人的成功是偶然。虽然，大家对成功的定义不一而同，但普世观念中，金钱和地位确实是成功这个词语的定义之一。他们发现了自己的才能，并Follow Their Intelligence，最终成为了世界最具影响力的商人之一。

觉得迷茫的时候，不妨静下心来想一想自己的优势在哪里，再结合现有的资源，考虑从哪个角度开始努力，当你一天更比一天好的时候，你会发现，仅仅是比过去小小的进步，也是一种成功。

文章来源：https://www.quora.com/Can-hard-work-beat-intelligence/answer/Awdhesh-Singh-1?srid=uP2rl

若有翻译不当之处，敬请各位大神不吝赐教，小女子在此谢过。学习交流欢迎简信。