1.new操作符

new会创造一个对象实例，这个实例继承了new操作符右边的对象，因此在调用方法时，this会指向对象实例

<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot; !important; font-size: 12px !important;">function A(){
 this.user='Artimis'
}
var a=new A(); console.log(a.user) //Artimis => this指向a</pre>

2.call/apply/bind

call和apply主要用于指定this的环境变量，第一个参数是什么，this就指向什么，如果是null，则指向window

<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot; !important; font-size: 12px !important;">var a={
    user:'Artimis',
    fn:function(){
      console.log(this.user)  
   }
}    
var b=a.fn; b()       //undefined
b.call(a) //Artimis => this指向a
b.call(null)   //undefined => this指向window</pre>

bind是延迟的，会返回一个修改后的函数，可以自行决定执行的时间

<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot; !important; font-size: 12px !important;">var a={
    user:'Artimis',
    fn:function(){
      console.log(this.user)  
   }
} var b=a.fn;
var c=b.bind(a)
c() //Artimis => 延迟执行，自定义执行时间</pre>


<pre style="margin: 0px; padding: 0px; white-space: pre-wrap; word-wrap: break-word; font-family: &quot;Courier New&quot; !important; font-size: 12px !important;">var a={
  fn:function(x,y){
    console.log(x+y)  
 }
} var b=a.fn;
var c=b.bind(a,2)  //自定义参数x 
c(3)  //5</pre>