Android 高德地图显示地图

前言

地图的基本应用，现在对于一个开发者来说，是一个基本的要素，能否熟练的掌握地图的基本使用（以高德地图为例），对我们在工作中有很大的帮助。我们就以高德地图官方Demo（BasicMapActivity）为示例，解析高德地图中经常用到的功能。
那么我们先看效果图：

标准地图

卫星地图

夜间模式

导航模式

以上就是不同模式下的基本地图显示

注意事项

权限声明
key及SHA1
模式切换
个性化地图

权限声明

使用地图SDK之前，需要在 AndroidManifest.xml 文件中进行相关权限设置，确保地图功能可以正常使用。如有不明白的地方，可参考官方地址进行详细了解。
当然，在AndroidManifest.xml清单文件中配置权限完成之后，在页面中加载的时候，也不能忘记在界面中对于地图权定位等相关权限的申请。示例代码如下：

属性：needCheckBackLocation

提示是否需要检测后台定位权限，设置为true时，如果用户没有给予后台定位权限会弹窗提示。

属性：BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION

如果设置了target > 28，需要增加这个权限，否则不会弹出"始终允许"这个选择框

    //是否需要检测后台定位权限，设置为true时，如果用户没有给予后台定位权限会弹窗提示
    private boolean needCheckBackLocation = false;
    //如果设置了target > 28，需要增加这个权限，否则不会弹出"始终允许"这个选择框
    private static String BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION = "android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION";

需要声明的权限列表

private void initPermissions() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 28
                && getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion > 28) {
            needPermissions = new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
                    BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
            };
            needCheckBackLocation = true;
        }
    }

权限检查相关代码

    /**
     * 需要进行检测的权限数组
     */
    protected String[] needPermissions = {
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
            BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
    };
    private static final int PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE = 0;

    /**
     * 判断是否需要检测，防止不停的弹框
     */
    private boolean isNeedCheck = true;

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        try {
            super.onResume();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (isNeedCheck) {
                    checkPermissions(needPermissions);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private void checkPermissions(String... permissions) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                List<String> needRequestPermissonList = findDeniedPermissions(permissions);
                if (null != needRequestPermissonList
                        && needRequestPermissonList.size() > 0) {
                    try {
                        String[] array = needRequestPermissonList.toArray(new String[needRequestPermissonList.size()]);
                        Method method = getClass().getMethod("requestPermissions", new Class[]{String[].class, int.class});
                        method.invoke(this, array, 0);
                    } catch (Throwable e) {

                    }
                }
            }

        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取权限集中需要申请权限的列表
     *
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private List<String> findDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
        try {
            List<String> needRequestPermissonList = new ArrayList<String>();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                for (String perm : permissions) {
                    if (checkMySelfPermission(perm) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                            || shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(perm)) {
                        if (!needCheckBackLocation
                                && BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION.equals(perm)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        needRequestPermissonList.add(perm);
                    }
                }
            }
            return needRequestPermissonList;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private int checkMySelfPermission(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("checkSelfPermission", new Class[]{String.class});
            Integer permissionInt = (Integer) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private boolean shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale", new Class[]{String.class});
            Boolean permissionInt = (Boolean) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测是否说有的权限都已经授权
     *
     * @param grantResults
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
        try {
            for (int result : grantResults) {
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    @TargetApi(23)
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] paramArrayOfInt) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (requestCode == PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE) {
                    if (!verifyPermissions(paramArrayOfInt)) {
                        showMissingPermissionDialog();
                        isNeedCheck = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 显示提示信息
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void showMissingPermissionDialog() {
        try {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
            builder.setTitle("提示");
            builder.setMessage("当前应用缺少必要权限。\\n\\n请点击\\\"设置\\\"-\\\"权限\\\"-打开所需权限");
            // 拒绝, 退出应用
            builder.setNegativeButton("取消",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                finish();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });

            builder.setPositiveButton("设置",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                startAppSettings();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.show();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 启动应用的设置
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void startAppSettings() {
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(
                    Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

key及SHA1

key及SHA1中官方文档中有详细说明，不再介绍
点我获取key，在控制台中添加新的应用
 点我查看Key注册时必要数据SHA1和包名的获取方法

模式切换

官方文档中 Android 地图 SDK 提供了几种预置的地图图层，包括卫星图、白昼地图（即最常见的黄白色地图）、夜景地图、导航地图、路况图层。

AMap.MAP_TYPE_NORMAL：矢量地图模式
AMap.MAP_TYPE_SATELLITE：卫星地图模式
AMap.MAP_TYPE_NIGHT：夜景地图模式
AMap.MAP_TYPE_NAVI：导航地图模式

完整示例代码

public class MainActivity extends ListActivity {
    /**
     * 存储数据
     */
    private static class DemoDetails {
        private final int titleId;
        private final int descriptionId;
        private final Class<? extends android.app.Activity> activityClass;

        public DemoDetails(int titleId, int descriptionId,
                           Class<? extends android.app.Activity> activityClass) {
            super();
            this.titleId = titleId;
            this.descriptionId = descriptionId;
            this.activityClass = activityClass;
        }
    }

    //是否需要检测后台定位权限，设置为true时，如果用户没有给予后台定位权限会弹窗提示
    private boolean needCheckBackLocation = false;
    //如果设置了target > 28，需要增加这个权限，否则不会弹出"始终允许"这个选择框
    private static String BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION = "android.permission.ACCESS_BACKGROUND_LOCATION";

    private static class CustomArrayAdapter extends ArrayAdapter<DemoDetails> {
        public CustomArrayAdapter(Context context, DemoDetails[] demos) {
            super(context, R.layout.feature, R.id.title, demos);
        }

        @Override
        public View getView(int position, View convertView, ViewGroup parent) {
            FeatureView featureView;
            if (convertView instanceof FeatureView) {
                featureView = (FeatureView) convertView;
            } else {
                featureView = new FeatureView(getContext());
            }
            DemoDetails demo = getItem(position);
            featureView.setTitleId(demo.titleId, demo.activityClass != null);
            return featureView;
        }
    }

    private static final DemoDetails[] demos = {
            new DemoDetails(R.string.map_create, R.string.blank, null),
            new DemoDetails(R.string.basic_map, R.string.basic_description, BasicMapActivity.class)//显示地图
    };

    @Override
    protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        initPermissions();

        setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
        setTitle("3D地图Demo" + MapsInitializer.getVersion());
        ListAdapter adapter = new CustomArrayAdapter(
                this.getApplicationContext(), demos);
        setListAdapter(adapter);
    }

    private void initPermissions() {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT > 28
                && getApplicationContext().getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion > 28) {
            needPermissions = new String[]{
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
                    Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
                    Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
                    BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
            };
            needCheckBackLocation = true;
        }
    }

    @Override
    public void onBackPressed() {
        super.onBackPressed();
        System.exit(0);
    }

    @Override
    protected void onListItemClick(ListView l, View v, int position, long id) {
        DemoDetails demo = (DemoDetails) getListAdapter().getItem(position);
        if (demo.activityClass != null) {
            Log.i("MY","demo!=null");
            startActivity(new Intent(this.getApplicationContext(), demo.activityClass));
        }
    }
    /**
     * 需要进行检测的权限数组
     */
    protected String[] needPermissions = {
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
            Manifest.permission.WRITE_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_EXTERNAL_STORAGE,
            Manifest.permission.READ_PHONE_STATE,
            BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION
    };
    private static final int PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE = 0;

    /**
     * 判断是否需要检测，防止不停的弹框
     */
    private boolean isNeedCheck = true;

    @Override
    protected void onResume() {
        try {
            super.onResume();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (isNeedCheck) {
                    checkPermissions(needPermissions);
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * @param
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private void checkPermissions(String... permissions) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                List<String> needRequestPermissonList = findDeniedPermissions(permissions);
                if (null != needRequestPermissonList
                        && needRequestPermissonList.size() > 0) {
                    try {
                        String[] array = needRequestPermissonList.toArray(new String[needRequestPermissonList.size()]);
                        Method method = getClass().getMethod("requestPermissions", new Class[]{String[].class, int.class});
                        method.invoke(this, array, 0);
                    } catch (Throwable e) {

                    }
                }
            }

        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 获取权限集中需要申请权限的列表
     *
     * @param permissions
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    @TargetApi(23)
    private List<String> findDeniedPermissions(String[] permissions) {
        try {
            List<String> needRequestPermissonList = new ArrayList<String>();
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23 && getApplicationInfo().targetSdkVersion >= 23) {
                for (String perm : permissions) {
                    if (checkMySelfPermission(perm) != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED
                            || shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(perm)) {
                        if (!needCheckBackLocation
                                && BACK_LOCATION_PERMISSION.equals(perm)) {
                            continue;
                        }
                        needRequestPermissonList.add(perm);
                    }
                }
            }
            return needRequestPermissonList;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return null;
    }

    private int checkMySelfPermission(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("checkSelfPermission", new Class[]{String.class});
            Integer permissionInt = (Integer) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return -1;
    }

    private boolean shouldShowMyRequestPermissionRationale(String perm) {
        try {
            Method method = getClass().getMethod("shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale", new Class[]{String.class});
            Boolean permissionInt = (Boolean) method.invoke(this, perm);
            return permissionInt;
        } catch (Throwable e) {
        }
        return false;
    }

    /**
     * 检测是否说有的权限都已经授权
     *
     * @param grantResults
     * @return
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private boolean verifyPermissions(int[] grantResults) {
        try {
            for (int result : grantResults) {
                if (result != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
                    return false;
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
        return true;
    }

    @TargetApi(23)
    public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] paramArrayOfInt) {
        try {
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= 23) {
                if (requestCode == PERMISSON_REQUESTCODE) {
                    if (!verifyPermissions(paramArrayOfInt)) {
                        showMissingPermissionDialog();
                        isNeedCheck = false;
                    }
                }
            }
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 显示提示信息
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void showMissingPermissionDialog() {
        try {
            AlertDialog.Builder builder = new AlertDialog.Builder(this);
            builder.setTitle("提示");
            builder.setMessage("当前应用缺少必要权限。\\n\\n请点击\\\"设置\\\"-\\\"权限\\\"-打开所需权限");
            // 拒绝, 退出应用
            builder.setNegativeButton("取消",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                finish();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });

            builder.setPositiveButton("设置",
                    new DialogInterface.OnClickListener() {
                        @Override
                        public void onClick(DialogInterface dialog, int which) {
                            try {
                                startAppSettings();
                            } catch (Throwable e) {
                                e.printStackTrace();
                            }
                        }
                    });
            builder.setCancelable(false);
            builder.show();
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }

    /**
     * 启动应用的设置
     *
     * @since 2.5.0
     */
    private void startAppSettings() {
        try {
            Intent intent = new Intent(
                    Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
            intent.setData(Uri.parse("package:" + getPackageName()));
            startActivity(intent);
        } catch (Throwable e) {
            e.printStackTrace();
        }
    }
}

Android 高德地图 显示地图

前言