完整示例参见：https://github.com/jiaxiaolei/my_django_project django_test 分支

$ git clone https://github.com/jiaxiaolei/my_django_project -b django_test 

一个示例代码：

# filename: test_1.py

import unittest
 
 
def division_funtion(x, y):
    return x / y
 
 
class TestDivision(unittest.TestCase):
    def test_int(self):
        self.assertEqual(division_funtion(9, 3), 3)
 
    def test_int2(self):
        self.assertEqual(division_funtion(9, 4), 2.25)
 
    def test_float(self):
        self.assertEqual(division_funtion(4.2, 3), 1.4)
 
 
if __name__ == '__main__':
    unittest.main()

$ python test_1.py

(py2.7.13cmdb2.0) [root@test-app-1 t_unittest]# python test_1.py
F.F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_float (__main__.TestDivision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_1.py", line 17, in test_float
    self.assertEqual(division_funtion(4.2, 3), 1.4)
AssertionError: 1.4000000000000001 != 1.4

======================================================================
FAIL: test_int2 (__main__.TestDivision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_1.py", line 14, in test_int2
    self.assertEqual(division_funtion(9, 4), 2.25)
AssertionError: 2 != 2.25

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=2)

nose
安装：

$ pip install nose

(py2.7.13cmdb2.0) [root@test-app-1 t_unittest]# nosetests
F.F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_float (test_1.TestDivision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/my_django_project_test/project_001/tests/t_unittest/test_1.py", line 17, in test_float
    self.assertEqual(division_funtion(4.2, 3), 1.4)
AssertionError: 1.4000000000000001 != 1.4

======================================================================
FAIL: test_int2 (test_1.TestDivision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "/opt/my_django_project_test/project_001/tests/t_unittest/test_1.py", line 14, in test_int2
    self.assertEqual(division_funtion(9, 4), 2.25)
AssertionError: 2 != 2.25

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.003s

FAILED (failures=2)

pytest
安装：

$  pip install pytest

(py2.7.13cmdb2.0) [root@test-app-1 t_unittest]# pytest
================================================================ test session starts =================================================================
platform linux2 -- Python 2.7.13, pytest-3.2.1, py-1.4.34, pluggy-0.4.0
rootdir: /opt/my_django_project_test/project_001/tests/t_unittest, inifile:
collected 3 items

test_1.py F.F

====================================================================== FAILURES ======================================================================
______________________________________________________________ TestDivision.test_float _______________________________________________________________

self = <test_1.TestDivision testMethod=test_float>

    def test_float(self):
>       self.assertEqual(division_funtion(4.2, 3), 1.4)
E       AssertionError: 1.4000000000000001 != 1.4

test_1.py:17: AssertionError
_______________________________________________________________ TestDivision.test_int2 _______________________________________________________________

self = <test_1.TestDivision testMethod=test_int2>

    def test_int2(self):
>       self.assertEqual(division_funtion(9, 4), 2.25)
E       AssertionError: 2 != 2.25

test_1.py:14: AssertionError
========================================================= 2 failed, 1 passed in 0.05 seconds =========================================================
(py2.7.13cmdb2.0) [root@test-app-1 t_unittest]#

coverage

安装：

$ pip install coverage

$ coverage run test_1.py
F.F
======================================================================
FAIL: test_float (__main__.TestDivision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_1.py", line 18, in test_float
    self.assertEqual(division_funtion(4.2, 3), 1.4)
AssertionError: 1.4000000000000001 != 1.4

======================================================================
FAIL: test_int2 (__main__.TestDivision)
----------------------------------------------------------------------
Traceback (most recent call last):
  File "test_1.py", line 15, in test_int2
    self.assertEqual(division_funtion(9, 4), 2.25)
AssertionError: 2 != 2.25

----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ran 3 tests in 0.001s

FAILED (failures=2)

# 查看测试报告
(py2.7.13cmdb2.0) [root@test-app-1 tests]# coverage report -m
Name    Stmts   Miss  Cover   Missing
-------------------------------------
a.py       12      0   100%

扩展阅读

python 单元测试官方文档：

Python 2 (https://docs.python.org/2/library/unittest.html)
Python 3 (https://docs.python.org/3/library/unittest.html)