Cookie简介

• Cookie使用场景
  • 在接口测试过程中，很多情况下，需要发送的请求附带cookies，才会得到正常的响应的结果。所以使用python+requests进行接口自动化测试也是同理，需要在构造接口测试用例时加入cookie。
• 传递Cookie的两种方式
  • 通过请求头信息传递
  • 通过请求的关键字参数cookies传递

1. 自定义header

import requests

def test_demo():
    url = "https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/cookies"
    header = {
        "Cookie": "Insane_Cookie",
        "User-Agent": "Insane"
    }
    r = requests.get(url, headers = header, verify=False)
    print(r.request.headers)

• 结果

test_requests.py::test_demo PASSED                                       [100%]
{'User-Agent': 'Insane', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cookie': 'Insane_Cookie'}

2. 使用cookies参数

import requests

def test_demo1():
    url = "https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/cookies"
    header = {
        "User-Agent": "Insane"
    }
    cookie_data = {
        "Insane": "Loafer",
        "Tiger": "Number1"
    }
    r = requests.get(url, headers = header, cookies = cookie_data, verify=False)
    print(r.request.headers)

• 结果

test_requests.py::test_demo1 PASSED                                      [100%]
{'User-Agent': 'Insane', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Cookie': 'Insane=Loafer; Tiger=Number1'}

认证体系

1. http basic

• 基本认证(英语: Basic access authentication)是允许http用户代理(如:网页浏览器)在请求时，提供用户名和密码的一种方式。

GET /private/index.html HTTP/1.0
Host: localhost
Authorization: Basic QWxhZGRpbjpvcGVuIHNlc2FtZQ==

• http basic 实战
  • 使用charles抓包查看此类请求
  • 在自动化测试的过程中，可以使用auth参数传递认证信息

import requests
from requests.auth import HTTPBasicAuth

def test_auth():
    r = requests.get(
        url="https://httpbin.testing-studio.com/basic-auth/insane/123",
        auth = HTTPBasicAuth("Insane", "123"),
        verify = False
        )
    print(r.request.headers)

• 结果

test_requests.py::test_auth PASSED                                       [100%]
{'User-Agent': 'python-requests/2.24.0', 'Accept-Encoding': 'gzip, deflate', 'Accept': '*/*', 'Connection': 'keep-alive', 'Authorization': 'Basic SW5zYW5lOjEyMw=='}