0,官网地址
https://mp.weixin.qq.com/wiki?t=resource/res_main
1,获取用户信息:获取用户信息主要有微信网页授权以及UnionID机制(关注后获取),先来说说网页授权方式
1.1,引导授权地址,获取code
授权需要使用到oauth2认证,首先需要引导用户打开地址,格式如下
https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=APPID&redirect_uri=REDIRECT_URI&response_type=code&scope=SCOPE&state=STATE#wechat_redirect
其中SCOPE为授权作用域(snsapi_userinfo),STATE为参数,可通过state传参,也可以通过传统url拼接方式(需进行编码),REDIRECT_URL为授权后回调地址,授权后微信会携带code跳转到REDIRECT_URL
例:
https://open.weixin.qq.com/connect/oauth2/authorize?appid=****&redirect_uri=****&response_type=code&scope=snsapi_userinfo&state=#wechat_redirect
1.2,通过code换取access_token和openid
请求微信接口:
https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code
微信方会返回token(此token仅用于步骤4获取userinfo,不同于其他token),此接口返回openid,accesstoken,openid以及refresh_token;
1.3 刷新access_token(非必需)
如果accesstoken过期,可通过refresh_token刷新token;请求接口为:https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/refresh_token?appid=APPID&grant_type=refresh_token&refresh_token=REFRESH_TOKEN;
1.4拉取用户信息(需scope为 snsapi_userinfo)
微信方接口
https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN;
全部代码如下:
//https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=APPID&secret=SECRET&code=CODE&grant_type=authorization_code
String openid = "";
String soap_url1 = Constant.WEIXIN.WX_URL + "sns/oauth2/access_token?appid=" + Constant.WEIXIN.APP_ID
+ "&secret=" + Constant.WEIXIN.SECRET + "&code=" + code + "&grant_type=authorization_code";
String ret1 = WeiXinUtil.connectWeiXinInterfaceGet(soap_url1, "");
if (ret1 != null && ret1.trim().length() > 0) {
JSONObject obj = JSONObject.fromObject(ret1);
if (obj.get("errcode") != null) {
// 跳转到失败界面去
}else {
openid = obj.getString("openid");
String access_token = obj.getString("access_token");
//https://api.weixin.qq.com/sns/userinfo?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN
String soap_url2 = Constant.WEIXIN.WX_URL + "sns/userinfo?access_token=" + access_token + "&openid="
+ openid + "&lang=zh_CN";
String ret2 = WeiXinUtil.connectWeiXinInterfaceGet(soap_url2, "");
if (ret2 != null && ret2.trim().length() > 0) {
JSONObject obj2 = JSONObject.fromObject(ret2);
if (obj2.get("errcode") != null) {
// 跳转到失败界面去
}else {
String nickname = String.valueOf(obj2.get("nickname"));
String sex = String.valueOf(obj2.get("sex"));
String headimgurl = String.valueOf(obj2.get("headimgurl"));
}
}
}
}
附上WeiXinUtil代码
import java.io.InputStream;
import java.io.OutputStream;
import java.net.HttpURLConnection;
import java.net.URL;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
public class WeiXinUtil {
private static final Logger logger =LoggerFactory.getLogger(WeiXinUtil.class);
public static String connectWeiXinInterfaceGet(String action,String json){
URL url;
try {
url = new URL(action);
HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
http.setRequestMethod("GET");
http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
http.setDoOutput(true);
http.setDoInput(true);
System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "60000");// 连接超时60秒
System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "60000"); // 读取超时60秒
http.connect();
OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream();
os.write(json.getBytes("UTF-8"));// 传入参数
InputStream is = http.getInputStream();
int size = is.available();
byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[size];
is.read(jsonBytes);
String result = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8");
logger.info("请求返回结果:"+result);
os.flush();
os.close();
return result;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.info("请求微信接口失败,失败信息:"+e.getMessage());
return "";
}
}
public static String connectWeiXinInterfacePost(String action,String json){
URL url;
try {
url = new URL(action);
HttpURLConnection http = (HttpURLConnection) url.openConnection();
http.setRequestMethod("POST");
http.setRequestProperty("Content-Type",
"application/x-www-form-urlencoded");
http.setDoOutput(true);
http.setDoInput(true);
System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultConnectTimeout", "60000");// 连接超时60秒
System.setProperty("sun.net.client.defaultReadTimeout", "60000"); // 读取超时60秒
http.connect();
OutputStream os = http.getOutputStream();
os.write(json.getBytes("UTF-8"));// 传入参数
InputStream is = http.getInputStream();
int size = is.available();
byte[] jsonBytes = new byte[size];
is.read(jsonBytes);
String result = new String(jsonBytes, "UTF-8");
logger.info("请求返回结果:"+result);
os.flush();
os.close();
return result;
} catch (Exception e) {
logger.info("请求微信接口失败,失败信息:"+e.getMessage());
return "";
}
}
}
2.UnionID机制获取用户信息
2.1获取access_token;
请求微信接口:
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/token?grant_type=client_credential&appid=APPID&secret=APPSECRET,
该接口返回accesstoken。
2.2 获取用户基本信息:
请求微信接口:
https://api.weixin.qq.com/cgi-bin/user/info?access_token=ACCESS_TOKEN&openid=OPENID&lang=zh_CN;
该接口返回subscribe属性为是否已关注标识,0为未关注1为已关注,如已关注返回用户信息如头像等,如为未关注则不返回用户信息,返回数据如图:
代码如下:
public static Map<String, String> getAccessUserInfo(String openId) {
String result = WeiXinUtil.connectWeiXinInterface(String.format(Constant.URL.USER_INFO, getAccessToken(), openId), "");
return JSON.parseObject(result, Map.class);
}
public static String getAccessToken(){
String result = WeiXinUtil.connectWeiXinInterface(String.format(Constant.URL.ACCESS_TOKEN_URL, Constant.WEIXIN.APP_ID, Constant.WEIXIN.SECRET), "");
JSONObject json = JSONObject.fromObject(result);
String token = StrUtil.getNotNullStrValue(json.get("access_token"));
return token;
}
总的来说UnionID机制获取用户信息有局限性,比如参数需openid,且返回数据如果未关注则获取不到用户信息;但UnionID方式获取用户信息来的更简单;需要配合场景权衡;
3,发送模板消息
3.1获取openid,此步骤同UnionID机制获取accesstoken
3.2 发送模板消息
首先在公众号配置模板id如图:
部分代码如下:
public class NotifyTemplate {
private String template_id;
private String touser;
private String url;
private String first;
private String keyword1;
private String keyword2;
private String keyword3;
private String keyword4;
private String keyword5;
private String remark;
private String color;
public NotifyTemplate() {
super();
}
public NotifyTemplate(String template_id, String touser, String url,
String first, String keyword1, String keyword2,
String remark) {
super();
this.template_id = template_id;
this.touser = touser;
this.url = url;
this.first = first;
this.keyword1 = keyword1;
this.keyword2 = keyword2;
this.remark = remark;
this.color="#173177";
}
}
public static Map<String,String> sendTemplateMsg(NotifyTemplate template){
String msg= template.toJsonMsg();
String result = WeiXinUtil.connectWeiXinInterface(String.format(Constant.URL.TEMPLATE_SEND_URL,getAccessToken()), msg);
JSONObject obj= JSONObject.fromObject(result);
Map<String, String> map = JSONObject.toBean(obj, Map.class);
log.info("getSnsOauth2AccessToken==>{}", map);
return map;
}