冰冻星球
第一集
地球上有超过三分之一的地方是冰天雪地Over one third of our planet is frozen,
然而 北极和南极这两个被冰雪覆盖的世界and yet, the icy worlds of the Arctic and Antarctic
对于大多数人来说 却像外星那样陌生are as alien to most of us as the surface of another planet.
那里有数不尽的世界之最They are places of superlatives.
两极冰冠共储藏有地球上近%的淡水From ice caps that hold nearly % of our planet's fresh water
冰冻森林更跨越了所有经度to frozen forests that encircle the entire globe.
那里丰富了我们的想象力These are places that feed our imaginations,
宛如童话故事中所描述的世界places that seem to be borrowed from fairy tales.
冰雪的形成及融化They're dominated and shaped by the ice...
是塑造两极的主导性力量both by its coming and by its going.
这是地球上仅存的纯正荒野This is our planet's last true wilderness
而正当我们开始对其有所了解之时and one that is changing
那里正经历着变迁just as we're beginning to understand it.
在此系列中In this series,
我们将踏遍荒凉之地的每个角落we'll be travelling to all parts of these lonely lands,
包括北极和南极both north and south,
这也许是我们最后一次 见证那里的奇观to witness its wonders perhaps for the last time
并探索那些克服了重重困难and to discover some extraordinary examples
才得以生存下来的伟大生命of survival against all the odds,
它们的身影遍及世界各地as can be found anywhere on the planet.
行至地球的尽头
冰天雪地是两极永恒的主题The poles are permanently capped with ice.
对于生命Nowhere is colder,
那里的酷寒 狂风是最严苛的挑战windier or more hostile to life.
我的脚下就是北极点I'm standing at the North Pole -
世界之巅the very top of the Earth.
为何极地地区如此寒冷Up here, it's easy to see
身临其境时 体会更加深刻why the polar regions are so cold.
太阳的直射角度很小 鲜有阳光照射下来The sun never rises high enough in the sky to warm my back
而即使光线到达了地表and those rays that do strike the surface
大部分也会被这白茫茫的冰雪反射回去are mostly reflected back from this great whiteness.
但最重要的问题是 这里有半年的时间But the fundamental problem is that there's no sun here at all
完全没有阳光照射for half the year.
极地冬季的严酷 无与伦比The polar winter is unrivalled in its harshness.
一个夜晚可持续数月之久A night that lasts for months.
随着温度骤降到零下摄氏度Only the toughest stay, as temperatures plunge
只有最顽强的生命才能存活下来to minus degrees centigrade.
然而对于生命来说 最大的挑战并非寒冷And yet, the greatest challenge to life here is not the cold,
而是剧烈的四季更迭but the extreme swings between the seasons.
当太阳再次升起时When the sun finally returns,
一次翻天覆地的转变开始了an extraordinary transformation begins.
这个冰冻的世界开始融化This frozen world begins to melt away.
极地的春天带来了一丝短暂的生机The polar spring brings a brief opportunity for life.
到了夏季 太阳不再落下By summer, the sun no longer sets
全天小时施展着魔力and works its magic for hours a day.
各个物种展开了一场繁衍的竞赛Now it's a race to breed before the sun departs.
到了秋季 美好消失殆尽 严酷再次袭来By autumn, all but the hardiest abandon the poles
冰雪王国不断扩张它的领土and the ice extends its grip.
大地与海洋失去生机 共同进入漫长的极冬Land and sea close down for the long, polar winter,
等待太阳的再次升起until, once again, the sun returns.
时值北极的春季It's spring in the High Arctic
太阳照耀着冰封的无垠海洋and the sun illuminates a giant frozen ocean,
这也是我们旅程的第一站the first stop on our journey.
陆地上最强健的捕食者正在悄然潜行The most powerful land predator is on the prowl.
一只雄性北极熊正在寻觅配偶A male polar bear is searching for a mate.
愿意交配的母熊凤毛翎角Willing females are few and far between
随着他的跋涉 海冰会迅速融化消失and the sea ice on which he travels will soon melt and vanish.
在这广袤冰冻的荒原上寻找配偶He's running out of time to find a mate
他的时间紧迫in this vast, frozen desert.
远在十英里之外 有一只没有幼仔的母熊Ten miles ahead, a single female without cubs -
这正是公熊所寻觅的对象exactly what the male is seeking.
他似乎很欣赏她的气息He seems to relish her scent,
即使她仍在数英里之外even though she's miles away.
这种憧憬 激动人心This is an exciting prospect.
无疑 她发出了正确的信号She's clearly giving off the right signals.
他紧跟她的足印 生怕遗失她的踪迹He locks onto her tracks, eager not to lose her trail.
踩着她的足印It's easier to tread
在夯实的雪上前行 更加省力in the compacted snow of her footprints.
此次觅偶之旅可持续数日This pursuit could last for days.
终于 母熊映入了眼帘The female eventually comes into view.
搜索行动最终宣告结束The search is finally over.
对于体重仅为其一半的母熊来说For the female, only half his weight,
这必然是一次心惊肉跳的邂逅this must be a nerve-racking encounter.
因为如果公熊愿意 可将其杀死The male could kill her if he chooses.
但是他另有所图But he has other intentions...
而她也准备好服从And she is ready and willing.
她将他引上高地She leads him to higher ground.
求爱中的北极熊似乎很注重隐私It seems that courting polar bears prefer privacy,
他们通常会远离海冰 移步至山上often leaving the sea ice and heading for the hills
以躲避雄性竞争者窥探的眼光 免受其扰to avoid the prying eyes of rival males who might disturb them.
很少有人得以见证这一刻Few have witnessed this moment.
对公熊而言For the male,
这是他孤独生活的一场难得的邂逅his only tender encounter in an otherwise solitary life.
但美景不长But it doesn't last long -
另一位求爱竞争者追随母熊的气味而来a rival suitor has also caught the female's scent.
求爱要暂停了 他必须为权利而战Courtship has to be put on hold. He must fight for his rights.
他击退第一位挑战者 双方都毫发无伤He sees off this first challenger without injury to either party,
但血腥之战即将上演but bloodier battles are to come.
尽管受了点轻伤 但他胜利了Another battle won, though he has been slightly injured.
他迅速回到配偶身边He hurries back to his mate,
但她好像失去了性趣but now she seems to have lost her enthusiasm.
母北极熊是需要高度呵护的动物Female polar bears are high-maintenance.
无论她走到哪 他都如影随形Wherever she goes, he will follow,
在她愿意之时与她交配mating with her when she allows
并一直守护着她and guarding her at all times.
接下来的两周内 公熊击败了多位对手Over the next two weeks, the male sees off many rivals
但他也为战斗付出了代价but the battles take their toll on him.
他已筋疲力竭He is almost spent,
但他已确保but he has ensured that
不会再有公熊与他的伴侣交配no other bears have mated with his female.
这对伴侣It's time for the couple
分道扬镳的时候到了to go their separate ways.
九个月之后 她将独自产下他的幼崽She will give birth to his cubs, alone, in nine months' time
也许他们将天涯永别and he may never see her again.
他回到了冰冻的海洋He returns to the frozen ocean,
安详的重新开始独居生活no doubt relieved to resume his solitary ways,
时机正正好and just in time.
他脚下的冰不久就要消失The ice beneath his feet will soon be gone.
每到春天 北冰洋都要经历Each spring, the Arctic Ocean undergoes
一次非凡的转变an extraordinary transformation.
面积如欧洲大小的海冰融化An area of sea ice the size of Europe melts,
冰下富饶的海域重见天日exposing the rich waters beneath.
短尾鹱[短尾水剃鸟]从一万六千公里外的Short-tailed shearwaters have travelled , miles
澳大利亚飞行至此from Australia to be here.
一千八百万只迁徙鸟遮蔽了天空 million visitors darken the skies,
地球上最庞大的海鸟群在此聚集the largest gathering of sea birds on the planet.
座头鲸从赤道一路游来Humpback whales have come all the way from the Equator
在这富饶的极地海洋中觅食to feed in these rich, polar waters.
它们巨硕的尾鳍长达五米Their giant tails are five metres across.
尾部轻轻抬出海面Simply raising them above the surface
就能给予座头鲸足够的向下动量gives the whales enough downward momentum
去品尝海下的磷虾和青鱼to reach the great swarms of krill and herring below.
海鸥跟随巨鲸的指引捕食The shearwaters follow the giants' lead.
海水为那些在夏天光临到此的生物For those who can get here, in summer,
提供一场空前绝后的盛宴these waters provide a feast of epic proportions.
但美好的时光转瞬即逝But the good times will be very short -
这是极地所有生命所面临的问题a problem that faces all life in the polar regions.
向南穿越北冰洋Journeying south across the Arctic Ocean,
抵达的第一站是世界第一大岛the first land you reach is Greenland,
格陵兰岛[字面义为绿岛]the largest island in the world.
与它的名字不同 格陵兰岛以白色为主Despite its name, Greenland is mostly white,
被一块硕大的冰原覆盖covered by a giant ice sheet
它的大小是英国的六倍six times the size of the United Kingdom.
在岛中央 冰层有三千米厚In the middle of the island, the ice is nearly two miles thick.
一个荒凉寂静的世界It's a bleak, quiet world.
海水融化成的宝石蓝湖泊Sapphire-blue melt lakes
表明一个变化正在悄然发生are the first sign that a dynamic process is underway.
每个湖的形成需要几天时间Each lake forms in a matter of days,
湖面慢慢扩大 宽达几公里expanding until it's miles across
最后开始溢出and starts to overflow.
流水在冰面上开凿出条条水道The spill water then carves its way through the ice.
蜿蜒在冰雪三角洲上的融水The water courses through an icy delta
正如流淌在冷血巨兽的动脉中血液like blood along the arteries of a cold-blooded monster,
而且只苏醒中的巨兽a monster that is stirring.
没有任何征兆And without warning,
水流被凭空出现的天井打断the water suddenly plunges down an open shaft,
垂直坠入冰原之心falling a vertical mile into the heart of the ice sheet.
融水还有着出人意料的作用This meltwater has a surprising effect -
在冰面与其下岩石床间it lubricates the junction between the ice
起到润滑的作用and the rock floor beneath,
整个冰原都在移动so the entire ice sheet is now on the move,
顺着地势滑向海洋sliding downhill into the ocean.
雅各布港冰川This, Jakobshavn Isbrae,
是地球上流动最快的冰川is the fastest-flowing glacier on our planet,
移动速度约为米每天moving as much as metres a day.
冰川所到之处 一切都被夷为平地As it advances, it destroys everything in its path,
它顺势滑向海洋even cutting its way
即便是格陵兰岛最雄伟的山脉through Greenland's great mountain ranges
也无法阻挡它前行的脚步on its drive downwards towards the sea.
随着速度的加快When speeded up,
固态冰川如河水般流淌these solid rivers of ice seem to flow just like liquid rivers.
其巨大冲击力This is the titanic force
可以切入高山 夷平陆地that cuts down mountains and levels the surface of continents.
冰川正迈向其长征的终点The ice is now entering the last stage of its descent.
由于速度越来越快As it gains speed,
巨大的冰隙随之出现 深至冰川最深处huge crevasses open that extend down to its very core.
临近大海时It's reached the ocean,
重达百万吨的冰川and millions of tonnes of ice
失去了岩层支撑have lost the support of their rocky bed.
崩塌已不可避免Something must give.
这些坍塌的冰块预示着These icefalls are an ominous sign of what is about to happen...
冰川即将分崩离析a rupture deep within the glacier.
一座巨大冰山就此诞生A colossal iceberg is born.
这一整块巨冰This single block of ice,
纵横均可达数百米many hundreds of metres across,
足以令人类最雄伟的建筑相形见绌would dwarf the biggest of mankind's buildings.
每年 格陵兰的冰川Every year, tens of thousands of icebergs
都会孕育数以万计的冰山are spawned by Greenland's glaciers,
此外 随着气候不断变暖and their number is steadily increasing
新生冰山的数量还在增加as the climate continues to warm.
遍布北冰洋的冰山碎片The break-up of the bergs fills the bays of the Arctic
尽显大自然的鬼斧神工with exquisite ice sculptures.
同时 还为海洋带来了大量冰冷的淡水It also releases great volumes of cold, fresh water into the sea.
格陵兰的冰川融水Greenland's meltwater
影响到洋流的流向influences the course of the ocean currents,
而这又会对全球气候构成影响which, in turn, has an effect on the weather around the world.
很多人不知道 北冰洋离人类家园其实很近The Arctic is closer to home than many of us realise.
它涵盖了三块大陆的极北区域It includes the northernmost parts of the three continents
欧洲 亚洲 北美 人类大多居住于此on which most of us live - Europe, Asia and North America.
我们南行之旅遇到的第一片荒原The first bare land we reach on our journey south
就是寸草不生的所谓"冻土带"is a bleak treeless wilderness known as tundra.
春季 动物从南部向北迁徙Each spring, animals travel up from the south,
春水融融下丰饶的牧草to be ready for the rich grazing
唱出了生之召唤that will be unveiled by the spring melt.
对驯鹿来说For the caribou,
时机至关重要the timing is critical.
到来过早便会被暴风雪所吞噬Arrive early and a winter storm could kill you.
到来过晚便无法蓄积足够的脂肪Delay too long and you may fail to lay down the fat
挨过极地的寒冬needed to survive a polar winter.
继续南行Further south still,
静谧 颔首 白雪覆盖的树木and stooped, shrouded figures
一扫冻土带孤寂的阴霾end the flat monotony of the tundra.
这便是林木生长线 我们首次领略到This is the tree line, the first place on our journey
滋滋暖意 潺潺流水with sufficient warmth and liquid water
令草木得以生长to enable a tree to grow.
存活于此是如此艰难Surviving here is so crushingly difficult,
幼苗也许需要数百年光阴that it can take hundreds of years for a seedling
才得以长为低矮的灌木to grow into a stunted shrub.
但是 即便低矮的树木But even small trees
也可成为食肉动物的隐蔽所can provide cover for a predator.
加拿大北部的狼群Wolves. These, in northern Canada,
拥有同类中最大的体型 最强的攻击力are the largest and most powerful in the world
它们准备猎食了and they are setting out to hunt.
这个狼群达只The pack is strong,
意味着它们的目标难逃厄运a sign that the prey they are seeking is formidable.
这些野牛较其低纬同类体型更大These bison are even bigger than their southern cousins
是北美洲最大的陆生动物and the largest land animals in North America.
狼与野牛在此代代抗衡For generations, wolves and bison here
于是得以进化have been shaped by their battles with each other,
成为同物种的佼佼者making each the most impressive of its kind.
野牛不会在林中栖息过久The bison will not stay long among the trees.
这里并非安全地带They're not safe here.
狼群逐渐靠近The wolves are closing in,
可惜在林中伏击野牛的机会业已丧失but their chance of ambushing the bison in the woods has passed.
猎物已进入空旷区域Their prey are now in the open
结伴而行 以保安全and grouped together for safety.
狼群若想一击成功The wolves will need to work as a team
便需要协作作战if they are to make a kill.
它们呈围攻之势 企图扰乱阵脚They circle the herd, trying to unsettle it
进而各个击破and split it up.
不过野牛角锋锐利 相当危险But the bison are armed and dangerous.
如能互为犄角 便可保持不败They will be safe as long as they stick together.
狼群让战斗升级 率先挑衅The wolves up their game, harrying the herd,
先对牛群进行骚扰a ploy to trigger a stampede
从而孤立出一个孱弱者and split away one of the smaller ones.
野牛们以幼崽为中心 组成防御性外围The bison form a defensive circle around their young,
它们的角朝外horns pointing outwards.
狼群需要找一只野牛作为突破口The wolves need a bison to break rank.
然而形势发生了变化 狼群不得不撤退But the tables are turning and now the wolves have to retreat.
狼群将注意力集中到野牛群的后部The pack focus their attention on the rear of the herd
野牛们开始陷入恐慌and the bison begin to panic.
一只幼年野牛落后了A young bison falls behind.
即使才一岁 这头野牛也比狼高大Even this yearling dwarfs the wolves.
拼命奔跑 牛群的唯一想法就是逃命Running head-down, the herd's only thought is escape.
狼群的幸运时刻到了A stroke of luck for the wolves.
这场杀戮足够狼群维持几日的生计The kill will feed the pack for several days.
但是接下来它们又得继续猎食了But then they will have to resume the chase.
即便在地球的尽头 冰冻的国度中At the frozen ends of our planet,
为了生存而进行的斗争也不曾缓解the struggle for survival never eases.
林木生长线以南 冬天更短了South of the tree line, the winters are shorter,
因此树木长得更快更高so trees grow faster and taller
树林已现雏形and forests begin to appear.
当来自南方的暖湿气流As the warm, humid air from the south
遇到北极的冷空气meets the cold, arctic air,
前者携带的水分便凝结成冰晶和雪花the moisture it carries crystallises and snowflakes
从空中徐徐飘落fall from the sky.
每片雪花都以一粒灰尘为中心Each crystal forms around a particle of dust.
且具有六边对称性All have a six-fold symmetry
但世界上却没有两片完全相同的雪花but no two have ever been found with exactly the same shape.
雪花的多样性和复杂性令人叹为观止Their variety and complexity is breathtaking.
每片雪花都将在春天融化Each snowflake is water waiting
化作生命之泉to be released in spring.
因此 雪是这片寂林For this reason, snow is the lifeblood
赖以生存的命脉of these silent forests
一切生命都以某种方式依赖着它and all that live here depend on it in one way or another.
其中 以乌林鸮为例Some, like the great grey owl,
它们在春天万物复苏时出现appear in spring for the boom times,
然后像幽灵一样消失then vanish like phantoms.
另一些 像它们的猎物旅鼠Others, like their lemming prey,
则整年都待在雪下are here year-round beneath the snow,
以抵御外面的严寒insulated from the cold air above.
对于季节性的访客和北极的常住民The northern forests are a crossroads
北方的森林就像是个十字路口for seasonal visitors and arctic specialists.
但是却不仅仅如此But they are so much more than this.
它们组成了针叶林带 Together, they make up the taiga,
一个绵延不断的森林地带an unbroken belt of forest
在地球上延伸了上万公里that stretches , miles around our planet
包含了地球上/的树木and contains one third of all the trees on Earth.
我们的北极之旅 从冰冻之海到环绕它的陆地The taiga forest marks the end of our journey through the Arctic,
也以针叶林的出现为标志而宣告结束from the frozen ocean down across the lands that surround it.
地球的另一端 南极The other end of our planet, the Antarctic,
则是截然不同的景象is starkly different.
这片冰冻大陆完全被大海所包围A frozen continent completely surrounded by ocean.
这里的冰山巨大Icebergs here are so large
度量冰山长度的单位不再是米而是千米that they're measured in miles not metres.
它们是巨浪前行时的唯一障碍They're the only obstacles in the path of giant waves,
那些巨浪围绕着这片大陆which circle around the continent
不受外界的打扰unchecked by other lands.
这片海看似严酷而波涛汹涌These seas may be cold and storm-racked
但其实充满了生机but they're bursting with life.
没有鸟类像它们这样以海为家No bird is more at home in water
它们是最出色的冲浪者and they are masterful surfers.
企鹅只存在于南半球Penguins are found only in the Southern Hemisphere.
它们不会飞 不过它们也不需要飞翔They can't fly, but they don't need to.
这里并没有北极熊There are no polar bears here.
这些是金图企鹅These are Gentoo Penguins.
每年春天 它们来到岸边Each spring, they come ashore
产卵并抚养幼崽to lay their eggs and rear their young.
嗷嗷待哺的幼崽对食物的需求如此大Their hungry chicks demand so much seafood
以至于企鹅爸妈都得出去捕鱼that both parents have to go fishing.
而捕鱼这一行为却相当危险And fishing can be dangerous.
南极海狮A southern sea lion.
利用自己破浪的速度It uses the speed of a breaking wave
它追赶上金图企鹅to catch up with the Gentoos.
海狮通常是吃鱼的Sea lions normally eat fish,
很适应捕捉体态呈流线型的猎物so he's used to catching streamlined swimmers,
但金图企鹅but the Gentoos seem
似乎不在他的能力范围内more than his match out at sea.
他得改变策略He must change tactics.
也许在浅水区更容易Perhaps it will be easier in the shallows.
不 在水里是抓不住企鹅的But no! It seems penguins are uncatchable in water.
那么在陆地上呢How about on land?
企鹅的翅膀尽管强壮有力 适宜游泳The penguin's wings, so powerful for swimming,
但在跑步时却发挥不了一点作用are of no help when it comes to running.
现在 显然海狮获得了机会Now, surely, the sea lion has a chance.
但在海滩上 他们两个都像出水的鱼But on the beach, both are like fish out of water.
很少有捕猎者Rarely do hunter and
和被捕者像它们这样笨拙hunted play their roles with so little skill.
谁也说不准会怎么样The outcome is anyone's guess.
每年夏天Every summer,
超过四千万只企鹅涌入南冰洋觅食over million penguins take to the Southern Ocean to feed.
随之一起的还有数千头鲸鱼They're joined by thousands of whales.
绝大部分是小须鲸Minkes are the most numerous.
它们来到这地球上最丰饶的海洋They all come here to harvest the richest ocean on Earth.
继续向南Carrying on south,
便能望见冰封大陆的一角we get our first glimpse of the frozen continent.
南方的座头鲸Southern humpbacks,
从赤道出发 长途跋涉四千英里after travelling , miles from the equator,
最终到达南极洲are finally arriving in Antarctica.
长久以来 这个神秘世界引诱着世人Humans have long felt the lure of this mysterious world,
然而直到一百年前yet it was only a hundred years ago
才有第一批探险家涉足此地that the first explorers walked inland
挑战地球上的至高点and were confronted by the highest,
这片最干燥 最寒冷的土地driest and coldest territory on Earth.
每年 当大陆周围的浮冰开始融化Every year, the continent is transformed
大陆的形态也随之改变as the sea ice that surrounds it begins to disappear.
这种融化使南极洲缩小了一半This melt halves the size of Antarctica.
这是我们地球上It's the most spectacular seasonal change
最壮观的季节转换occurring anywhere on our planet.
沐浴着阳光的海豹The remnants of the sea ice
慵懒的躺在浮冰上are occupied by sunbathing seals
它们已在这度过了整个冬季that have been here all winter.
但随着冰雪融去 有新客到访But new arrivals are following the retreating ice edge
它们来此捕食and they have come here to hunt.
虎鲸 海洋的顶级捕食者Killer whales, the ocean's top predator,
狼群一般的杀手killers are like wolves,
因为它们能猎杀比自己大得多的猎物for they will hunt animals far larger than themselves.
但是如果够不到But even smaller prey are a problem
再小的猎物也难得手if you can't reach them.
解决方法就是团队合作The solution is teamwork.
以完美的编队状态行动 统一摆尾Swimming in perfect formation, they flick their tails in unison
产生一道波浪 击裂冰块and create a wave that cracks the ice.
它们重新聚集 检视冰裂的情况They regroup and assess the damage.
还需要一道更大的波浪A more powerful wave is needed.
大浮冰破裂了The ice floe is breaking up.
现在它们可以靠近并清楚地观察目标Now they are close enough to get a good look at their target.
海豹以蟹为主食 牙齿锋利且好斗The seal is a crabeater, sharp-toothed and feisty,
不是它们喜欢的猎物not their favourite.
海中的狼群继续寻找更易捕的猎物The wolves of the sea move on in search of easier quarry.
一头威德尔氏海豹 那个要好些A Weddell Seal. That's better.
它们更温顺 更容易捕捉These are more docile and easier to tackle.
虎鲸聚集起来无声地游动The pod stays close together and travels silently.
这次它们掀起一波更强大的海浪This time, they unleash a far more powerful wave,
并且准确得惊人and with astonishing accuracy.
这些大浪不是为了打破冰块These big waves are not intended to break the ice,
而是为了把猎物卷入海中but to knock the prey into the water,
它们几乎不会失手and they rarely fail.
如虎鲸所愿 海豹掉入海中The seal is now where the killers want it,
但捕猎行动远未结束but the hunt is far from over.
避开海豹锋利牙齿的同时They need to grab their prey by the tail
它们将从后面咬住猎物while avoiding its snapping jaws.
只有这样 虎鲸才能Only then will they be able to
把它拖下 将其淹死pull it down and drown it.
侧击产生了强烈的水下乱流Sideswipes create violent underwater turbulence,
这是个新策略a new tactic.
产生的气泡可掩护其他虎鲸Blowing bubbles gives cover for others
冲近海豹的尾部to lunge at the seal's tail.
海豹不知怎么爬上一块小浮冰Somehow, the seal manages to reach a tiny ice floe.
杀手们要抓它很容易The killers could easily grab it,
但是现在这似乎成了一个游戏but now this seems to have become a game.
海豹的生命取决于冰块是否打翻The seal's life hangs on a roll of the ice.
然而 虎鲸再次合力将海豹推入水中Yet again, the pod joins forces to dislodge the seal.
海豹把握到一个逃跑的机会The seal sees a chance to escape.
但是它已经精疲力尽 Exhausted, it no longer has the energy
无力逃脱to pull itself to safety
而虎鲸们接踵而至and the killers are moving in.
游戏结束Game over.
虽然这样的集体捕猎很少见Although such team hunts are rarely seen,
科学家们相信scientists believe they may be the most
这在自然界中也是最复杂的情况complex ever documented in the natural world.
一百年前斯科特船长和他的船员们They were first witnessed by Captain Scott and his men
在探索南极洲时 首次目睹了此景when they came to explore Antarctica years ago.
继续向南航行Journeying further south,
碎冰被永恒不变的冰原取代the fragmenting ice is replaced by a permanent sheet
即使在夏日酷暑中也不会融化that doesn't melt even at the height of summer.
它是许多生物不可逾越的障碍It's a barrier that many creatures find impassable.
即使是强大的小须鲸也不行It repels even powerful minke whales.
如果它们得不到所需的空气They have to turn back if they can no longer reach the air
就不得不回头they need to breathe.
在冰下 生物必须适应力极强才能生存Under the ice, life has to be extremely specialised to survive.
鲜有人有机会探索这个极度寂静的世界Few of us will ever experience this strangely-still world,
到目前为止 人类对此仍所知寥寥and, as yet, no-one knows much about it.
这些冰制钟乳石的透明表面The crystalline surface of the ice stalactites
为体内充满了防冻剂的银鱼provides a home for ice fish
提供了栖息之所whose bodies are full of anti-freeze.
水表的冰层保护着居住其下的生物The ceiling of ice shields those living below it
不受冰上极端极地天气的影响from the violent polar weather that rages above.
这里在百万年间几乎没有过变化Little here has changed for millions of years.
低温让这里的动物The cold allows animals to grow
极其缓慢地生长成庞然大物very slowly and become giants.
潮虫的亲戚可以有餐盘那么大A relative of the woodlouse is the size of a dinner plate.
{\an}{\fn方正黑体简体\fs\b\bord\shad\c&HFFF&}潮虫:生活在阴暗潮湿之处的小虫\N一般只有几厘米长
这个所谓的"海蜘蛛"则有半米长的腿And this so-called "sea spider" has legs that span half a metre.
现在探险家们正在探索着Now explorers are revealing other worlds
隐藏在冰层下的别样世界that lie hidden beneath the ice on land.
这些烟状塔是通往地下洞穴网的大门These smoking towers are the gateway to a network of caves.
每个洞穴中都有着地球上绝无仅有Each contains an extraordinary assembly of ice crystals,
非凡的冰晶组合unlike any other on Earth.
与雪花一样 世上也没有两块相同的冰晶Like snowflakes, every crystal is unique.
一些比成人还高Some are taller than a man.
一些还能承载生命Others are thought to harbour life,
一些神秘的细菌seeded by strange bacteria
在如此极端条件下仍然繁盛不绝that thrive in these extreme conditions.
这些冰晶的成因就是The breeze that gently sways these crystals
轻柔吹拂着它们的微风is responsible for making them.
这其实是来自于埃里伯斯火山中心的蒸气It's steam from the molten heart of Mount Erebus,
这是地球上最南端的一座火山the most southerly volcano on our planet.
现在人们觉得 火山口边缘的冰洞It's now thought that the ice caves fringing this crater
可能是一些未知生命的家园may even be a home for hitherto-unknown life forms.
从这片位于大陆边缘的温暖绿洲开始From this oasis of warmth at the edge of the continent,
我们继续朝向内陆的旅程 直到南极点our journey continues inland towards the South Pole.
而第一个巨大的障碍The first great hurdle
就是难以逾越的南极横贯山脉is the formidable Transantarctic Mountain range.
当年 斯科特和阿蒙森试图成为We are following the route taken by Scott and Amundsen
征服南极点的第一人as they struggled to become the first humans
我们将追随他们的脚步to reach the South Pole.
他们当年只能步行They were travelling on foot
当他们第一眼见到这些山脉时and their first sight of these mountains
一定让他们十分畏惧must have been daunting indeed.
出现在他们面前的是世界最长山脉In front of them stretched one of the world's longest ranges,
横跨南极大陆 绵延近公里spanning , miles from one side of the continent to the other.
这里还刮着地球上速度最快的风The winds up here are the fastest on Earth.
风速可达每小时多公里They reach speeds of miles an hour.
这座山脉上遗留有狂风肆虐的痕迹An ice-capped mountain bears the scars of the gales,
坚实的冰层被刻蚀出古怪的雕塑bizarre sculptures carved from solid ice.
屈服的不仅仅是坚冰It's not only the ice that yields.
这个被雕出的尖顶原是一座山This sculptured spire is the remnant of a mountain,
被猛烈的风从四面八方侵蚀eroded from all sides by the ferocious elements.
在这后面则是完全出乎意料的地貌Beyond, a wholly unexpected landscape -
干谷the Dry Valleys.
南极洲仅有%的地表未被冰雪覆盖Only % of Antarctica is free of ice,
而其中绝大部分都在这里and most of that bare rock is here.
干谷的地貌比地球上的其他地方The Dry Valleys are more like the surface of Mars
更接近火星表面than is any other place on Earth.
这里遍布各种非凡的天然雕塑The floor is covered with extraordinary natural sculptures,
而作者就是那股created by the same winds
让冰雪远离这片谷地的狂风that help to keep these valleys free of snow.
整片巨石长时间被狂风由内而外地侵蚀Over time, entire boulders are weathered from the inside out,
直到只剩下一层外壳until just a shell remains.
在山谷的起点处 冰雪正在侵入At the head of these valleys, the ice is making a breakthrough.
数百万吨的积雪正慢慢地滑入谷中Millions of tons are tumbling in slow motion into the valley.
这些冰块的大小与摩天大楼相仿These ice blocks are the size of skyscrapers.
这就是当年斯科特和他的同伴 And this is the Beardmore Glacier,
曾神奇地步行穿越过的比尔德莫尔冰川which Scott and his men somehow traversed on foot.
它超过公里长It's over miles long
是地球上最大的冰川之一and one of the largest glaciers on Earth.
但早期的探险家们无论如何准备But nothing could have prepared those early explorers
也无法与即将遭遇的自然相抗衡for what they were about to encounter.
南极冰盖 地球上最为广阔的冰域The Antarctic ice cap, the largest expanse of ice on the planet.
在某些地方 其厚度近五公里It's three miles thick in places
这里包含了地球上%的淡水and imprisons % of the world's fresh water.
从这里直到一千多公里外的南极点From here to the South Pole miles away,
除了冰什么都没有there is nothing but ice.
我现在就在旅程的终点 南极点I'm at the South Pole at the end of my journey.
虽然正值盛夏 这里仍冷得刺骨Although it's midsummer, the temperature here
温度仅有零下度is a bone-chilling degrees below freezing.
现在距人类首次站在这里It's exactly a hundred years almost to the day
差不多正好有一百年that the first human beings stood right here,
首先是阿蒙森 接着是斯科特Amundsen followed by Scott.
在那个年代 到达极点被视为In those days, reaching the poles was regarded as
人类努力与耐力的极限the ultimate in human endeavour and endurance,
也是国家自豪感的来源and a source of great national pride.
今天 极地则有着十分不同的意义Today, the polar regions have a rather different significance,
因为我们开始认识到 不管住在哪里because now we've come to understand that what happens here
南北两极and in the north affects every one of us,
都与我们每个人息息相关no matter where we live on this planet.
{\fad(,)\fn方正准圆_GBK\pos(,)}{\fs\b\bord\shad}冰天雪地之幕后故事
摄制组碰到的最大挑战The greatest challenge for the team making Frozen Planet
是拍摄地点之间相距极远was the extreme remoteness of their locations.
许多镜头一拍就是几个月Many of the shoots lasted months at a time
而且需要许多工作人员协同工作and needed a number of crews to join forces.
有一个拍摄点就需要这样浩大的工程One location that would require such siege tactics
它就是埃里伯斯 南极洲最活跃的火山was Mount Erebus, Antarctica's most active volcano.
这座神奇的火山绝不轻易透露自己的秘密This magical mountain does not give up her secrets easily.
火山的秘密
要完整捕捉到埃里伯斯火山的全部To capture the full story of Mount Erebus from top to bottom
需要四组不同的摄制人员required four different film crews.
洞穴组在海拔近米之处降落The cave team is dropped off at , feet,
以靠近火山口close to the crater.
他们要抵御呼啸的寒风和稀薄的空气In howling winds and thin oxygen,
目标是找出进入火山的道路their challenge is to find a way into the volcano itself.
他们要探索未知They are venturing into the unknown.
地下有一些奇妙的冰洞Somewhere below are spectacular ice caves,
因火山蒸汽的热量融化而成melted out by volcanic steam.
组员安全深入地下Getting the team safely underground
让导演查登·亨特尔放心不少is a relief for director Chadden Hunter.
太好了 下面暖和多了 上面冷极了Excellent, it's much warmer down here, it's freezing up there.
零下度Minus .
和他一起的是摄像师嘉文·瑟斯顿With him is cameraman Gavin Thurston.
你会忘记自己在哪里You sort of forget being in here,
其实是在一座火山里you are actually inside a volcano.
我们的上面和下面是翻滚的岩浆You know, above us and below us, there's bubbling lava
这里都被蒸汽渗透了and you've got all these gases seeping up through here,
正是蒸汽弄出了这些洞穴which is how these caves are made,
所以这里二氧化碳的含量更高so there's also increased carbon dioxide in here.
越深入洞穴As the cave team head deeper,
危险的火山蒸汽让人的呼吸变得困难dangerous volcanic gases make breathing difficult.
时间紧迫The clock is ticking.
他们没有多少时间去找水晶洞They will not have long to find the caves of crystals.
在地面上 航空组Above ground, the aerial team
正在努力攀上埃里伯斯山峰is pushing for the summit of Erebus.
节目制片人瓦内莎·波洛维兹在前座指挥Series producer Vanessa Berlowitz directs from the front seat,
空中摄像师迈克尔·凯勒姆while aerial cameraman Michael Kelem
操作挂在机头的摄像机controls the camera attached to the nose.
我们要升到差不多米We're going to be around , feet,
保罗·莫非飞行员
这是这部直升机的极限on the performance limits of this aircraft.
一旦天气变糟Any bad weather comes in up there
那就惨了 真的and you're pretty much screwed, really,
我们必须马上下山you've got to get off the mountain fast.
高度到米以上 飞行员就必须Above , feet, the pilot must breathe oxygen
通过鼻腔里的塑料管进行呼吸through a plastic tube in his nostrils.
想要靠近火山口 状况不容乐观Approaching the crater, conditions do not look good.
今天 埃里伯斯不断喷出蒸汽Today, Erebus is belching out steam and gases,
让飞机极度危险making flying extremely risky.
高空空气非常稀薄 因此直升机不能悬停Up here, the air is so thin, the helicopter can't hover
只能不断移动and must keep moving.
这是高空拍摄所能达到的极限This is aerial filming at its most extreme.
他们努力想要抓到最清晰的视角They struggle to get a clear view.
我们要上升到米We're just coming up to , feet,
你可以直接看到熔岩湖you can actually look right into the lava lake.
看起来真棒 迈克 就停在这个位置Oh, that's looking really good, Mike, just hold that there.
摄像机捕捉到了罕见的熔浆镜头The cameraman captures a rare shot of the molten lava,
但是画面马上又模糊了but it's soon obscured again.
火山喜怒无常The volcano is temperamental.
摄制组抓拍到了极罕见的The team have seized a rare opportunity
熔浆镜头to see into its molten heart,
但现在他们必须安全撤退but now they must descend to safety.
地表天气风云变幻的同时As the weather closes in above,
洞穴组在地下有了进展the cave team are making progress below.
今天是圣诞节 组员穿得很应景It's Christmas Day and the crew are dressed for the occasion.
要小心我的背Just watch my back on these icicles,
我可不想碰断这些冰柱I don't want to snap that top one off.
这些冰柱有多坚硬How strong are these pillars of ice?
大概有五...It's about... that round about five...
所以我挤过去也不会弄断它是吗So if I squeeze past, it's not going to snap it?
嘉文向科学家再次做了确认Gavin is reassured by advice from the scientist.
嘉文 小心啊Ohhh! Gavin!
抱歉I'm sorry.
太糟了 断口能够完美接上 快瞧That's terrible. Oh, look, it fits perfectly, look. Look at that.
幸好这些晶柱是由冰水凝结而成Fortunately, these crystals are made of frozen water
能在几周内变为原状and can grow back in weeks.
这些美丽无暇 晶莹剔透的冰柱尽收眼底You've got these beautiful, clear, glass-like pillars
在它旁边的是无比精致的...and right next to it, this really delicate...
瞧这些冰丝多细啊Look how thin that filament is there.
随着洞穴探险队往更深处走去As the cave team explore deeper,
他们都能发现比前一个冰室each chamber reveals ice crystals
更奇形怪状 蔚为壮观的冰晶体more strange and spectacular than the last.
队员们没人能想到 一个南极冰山No-one on the team imagined a single Antarctic mountain
竟藏着如此多的奇景could house so many wonders.
埃里伯斯火山山脚下Down at the foot of Mount Erebus,
第三支队伍 潜水队a third crew, the dive team,
打算探秘位于冻结海平面下的plan to explore the volcano's lower slopes,
火山低坡带which extend beneath the frozen sea.
水下摄影师休·米勒是其中一员On board is underwater camera man Hugh Miller.
问题是我们并不知道冰层下面是什么The problem is, we don't actually know what's under the ice here.
谁知道呢 就当作是探险吧So who knows, it's a bit of an adventure.
旧时的工具仍然是最好用的Old-fashioned tools still work best.
先是用凿子凿开一个缺口First, a hand chisel to create an opening,
接着用锯子把洞口扩大then a saw to widen the hole.
在地球上最寒冷的海域里面潜水Ice-diving in the coldest waters on the planet
应当是件慎之又慎的事情should be taken extremely seriously.
这次潜水充满着很多因素This dive's going to be a lot of things
但温暖显然排除在这个名单之外and warm is not on that list.
绝缘潜水衣只够让他们Insulated suits will keep
在冰海里待六十分钟them alive under the ice for only minutes.
直升机离开后就没有犯错的余地了Once the helicopter departs, there's no margin for error.
潜水队开始探秘埃里伯斯火山的低坡带The dive team begin to explore the lower slopes of Erebus,
揭开一个人类知之甚少的世界的面纱discovering a hidden world rarely seen by humans.
在火山脚海滨处游动的是虎鲸Patrolling the icy shores of the volcano are killer whales,
它们活跃在地球的最南端the most southerly in the world.
在上面追踪它们的是虎鲸考察队Tracking them from above is the orca team.
他们乘坐直升机 赶在鲸群的前面They need a helicopter to get ahead of the whales
降落在脆弱的冰面上and to land them on the fragile sea ice.
摄影师杰米·麦弗逊必须谨慎选择降落点Camera man Jamie McPherson must pick his spot carefully.
他的目标是在不打扰到虎鲸群的前提下His aim is to get the cameras
尽可能让摄像头as close to the killer whales
近距离捕捉到鲸群as possible without disturbing them.
他用一个胶卷照相机捕捉鲸群的慢镜头He uses a film camera to capture the action in slow motion.
虎鲸群就在他旁边游动And the orcas come right by him.
就算在极寒的天气Even in the extreme cold,
胶卷照相机还是表现得稳定可靠a film camera proves to be rugged and reliable...
当然是在有足够胶卷的前提下provided there's enough film in the camera.
-这卷胶片用完了 -不是吧- End of the run. - No!
我拍到了那头虎鲸冒出水面I've got him coming out,
只是没拍到它潜下去I just didn't get him going back in.
好吧All right!
在海冰下面Below the sea ice,
潜水队搭建了一个水下工作室the dive team is setting up an underwater studio.
利用一系列的防水光源和慢速摄像机Using a range of waterproof lights and time-lapse cameras,
他们希望捕捉到they hope to capture the growth of
奇异的水下冰层的生长bizarre underwater ice formations.
在接下来的几周Over the coming weeks,
潜水队会潜水超过一百次the dive team would go below the ice over times
去拍摄神秘莫测的to film the extraordinary secret world
埃里伯斯火山低坡带on the lower flanks of Mount Erebus.
在冰面上 虎鲸科考队改变了目标On top of the ice, the orca team has repositioned.
他们的新目标是拍摄鲸群的水下活动Their new goal is to get underwater shots of the whales.
他们不敢潜入水下和虎鲸群同游They don't dare to get in the water with orcas.
用竿绑定的摄像机是更好的选择Attaching a camera to a pole is a safer option,
只要不会挡到鲸群的前进路线provided the whales aren't put off by it.
没人知道接下去会发生什么No-one is prepared for what happens next.
告诉她你刚刚看到的Tell her what you just saw.
整个鲸群都来到了这里The entire pod arrives.
虎鲸与人对峙Eyeball to eyeball,
这大概是与鲸群最亲密的接触了this is about as close to killer whales as it's possible to get.
用多支队伍和不同摄像机By using multiple crews and cameras,
《冰冻星球》摄制组详细记述了the Frozen Planet team have been able to
埃里伯斯火山的全貌capture the full Erebus story,
从火山口的熔岩from the fire at its crater
到沿着冰盖边缘游动的鲸群down to the whales that patrol its frozen shores.
感受鲸鱼在我面前呼吸 太荣幸了It's quite a privilege to feel whale breath on your face.
