Beyond Feelings(translating)

                    preface

When the first edition of this book appeared in 1975, the dominant intellectual focus was still subjectivity, feelings. That focus, the legacy of the 1960s, was originally a necessary reaction to the rationalism and behaviorism that preceded it. It declared, in effect: “People are not robots. They are more than the sum total of their physiology. They have hopes, dreams, emotions. No two humans are alike—each has a special perspective, a unique way of perceiving the world. And any view of humanity that ignores this subjective side is a distortion.”

                                 导论

当这本书的第一版在1975年出版时，占主导地位的知识焦点仍然是主观性——情感。这个问题，是20世纪60年代的遗留问题，最初是对理性主义和行为主义之前的必要反映。它宣称，实际上：“人类不是机器人，他们远远超过各自的生理机能。他们拥有希望、梦想和感情。没有完全相同的两个人——每个人都有自己特殊的观点，都有其独特的方式去感知这个世界。任何忽略主观性方面的人性观都是扭曲的。”

Yet, despite its value, the focus on feelings went too far. Like many other movements, what began as a reaction against an extreme view became an extreme view itself. The result of that extremism was the neglect of thinking. This book was designed to answer that neglect. The introduction to the first edition explained its rationale as follows:

然而，尽管它十分有价值，但人们对情感的关注远远不够。就像很多运动一样，以反对极端视界为开端的反映最终都会变成另外一种极端观点。极端主义的后果就是对思维的忽视。这本是就是为了回答这个问题而写的。第一版的介绍解释了如下基本理论：

The emphasis on subjectivity served to correct a dangerous oversimplification. But it is the kind of reaction that cannot be sustained for long without causing an even worse situation—the neglect of thinking. Worse for two reasons. First, because we live in an age of manipulation. Armies of hucksters and demagogues stand ready with the rich resources of psychology to play upon our emotions and subconscious needs to persuade us that superficial is profound, harmful is beneficial, evil is virtuous. And feelings are especially vulnerable to such manipulation.

对主观性的强调有助于纠正一种危险的极简主义。但是这种反应不能持续很长时间，不会引起更坏的情况——对思维的忽视。更糟的原因有两个：首先，由于我们生活在操纵时代，大批的小贩和煽动者早已准备好了心理学的丰富资源，通过利用我们的情感和潜意识的需求，来说服我们肤浅的则是深刻的，有害的则是有益的，邪恶的则是道德的。情感在这种操纵主义面前变得尤其脆弱。

Secondly, because in virtually every important area of modern life— law, medicine, government, education, science, business, and community affairs—we are beset with serious problems and complex issues that demand careful gathering and weighing of facts and informed opinions, thoughtful consideration of various conclusions or actions, and judicious selection of the best conclusion or most appropriate action. . . .

其次，实际上，由于在现代生活中每一个重要领域——法律、医学、政府、教育、科学、商业，和社区事务——我们被许多严重和复杂的问题所困扰，这些问题需要认真地收集、有分量的事实、已知的观点、对各类结论和行为的深思熟虑，还需要对最佳结论或最适当行为的审慎明智的选择...