依赖版本：androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.1.0，BaseActivity中实现下面方法：

@Override
public void applyOverrideConfiguration(Configuration overrideConfiguration) {
    // 兼容androidX在部分手机切换语言失败问题
    if (overrideConfiguration != null) {
        int uiMode = overrideConfiguration.uiMode;
        overrideConfiguration.setTo(getBaseContext().getResources().getConfiguration());
        overrideConfiguration.uiMode = uiMode;
    }
    super.applyOverrideConfiguration(overrideConfiguration);
}

依赖版本：androidx.appcompat:appcompat:1.2.0时，BaseActivity中实现下面方法：

@Override
    protected void attachBaseContext(Context newBase) {
        if (shouldSupportMultiLanguage()) {
            Context context = LanguageUtil.attachBaseContext(newBase);
            final Configuration configuration = context.getResources().getConfiguration();
            // 此处的ContextThemeWrapper是androidx.appcompat.view包下的
            // 你也可以使用android.view.ContextThemeWrapper，但是使用该对象最低只兼容到API 17
            // 所以使用 androidx.appcompat.view.ContextThemeWrapper省心
            final ContextThemeWrapper wrappedContext = new ContextThemeWrapper(context,
                    R.style.Theme_AppCompat_Empty) {
                @Override
                public void applyOverrideConfiguration(Configuration overrideConfiguration) {
                    if (overrideConfiguration != null) {
                        overrideConfiguration.setTo(configuration);
                    }
                    super.applyOverrideConfiguration(overrideConfiguration);
                }
            };
            super.attachBaseContext(wrappedContext);
        } else {
            super.attachBaseContext(newBase);
        }
    }

附LanguageUtil

/**
 * Created by zlx on 2020/11/5 17:10
 * Email: 1170762202@qq.com
 * Description:
 */
public class LanguageUtil {
    private static final String TAG = "LanguageUtil";


    public static String getSystemLanguage() {
        String language = Locale.getDefault().getLanguage();
        String country = Locale.getDefault().getCountry();
        return language + "-" + country;
    }

    public static String getCurrentLanguage() {
        String language = OtherSp.getInstance().getLanguage();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(language)) {
            language = Locale.getDefault().getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.getDefault().getCountry();
        }
//        LogUtils.e("getCurrentLanguage", language);
        return language;
    }

    public static boolean isChinese() {
        String currentLanguage = getCurrentLanguage();
        String s = currentLanguage.split("-")[0].toLowerCase();
        if (s.equals("zh")) {
            LogUtils.eTag("isChinese", true);
            return true;
        }
        LogUtils.eTag("isChinese", false);

        return false;
    }

    public static void switchLanguage() {
        String language = OtherSp.getInstance().getLanguage();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(language)) {
            if (Locale.getDefault().equals(Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE)) {
                language = Locale.US.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.US.getCountry();
            } else {
                language = Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getCountry();
            }
        } else if (language.equals(Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getCountry())) {
            language = Locale.US.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.US.getCountry();
        } else {
            language = Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getCountry();
        }
        changeLanguage(language);
    }

    private static void changeLanguage(String language) {
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            LanguageUtil.setConfiguration(CommonApplication.getMyApplication(), language);
        }
        OtherSp.getInstance().saveLanguage(language);
        HeaderHelper.getInstance().setLang();
//        SpUtil.getInstance(this).putString(SpUtil.LANGUAGE, language);


    }

    @RequiresApi(api = Build.VERSION_CODES.LOLLIPOP)
    public static Locale getLocaleByLanguage(String language) {
        Locale locale = Locale.getDefault();
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(language)) {
            return locale;
        }
        if (language.equals(Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE.getCountry())) {
            locale = Locale.SIMPLIFIED_CHINESE;
        } else if (language.equals(Locale.US.getLanguage() + "-" + Locale.US.getCountry())) {
            locale = Locale.US;
        }
        Log.d(TAG, "getLocaleByLanguage: " + locale.getDisplayName());
        return locale;
    }

    public static Context attachBaseContext(Context context) {
        String language = LanguageUtil.getCurrentLanguage();
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.N) {
            return updateResources(context, language);
        } else {
            return context;
        }
    }

    @TargetApi(Build.VERSION_CODES.N)
    private static Context updateResources(Context context, String language) {
        Resources resources = context.getResources();
        Locale locale = LanguageUtil.getLocaleByLanguage(language);
        Configuration configuration = resources.getConfiguration();
        configuration.setLocale(locale);
        configuration.setLocales(new LocaleList(locale));
        return context.createConfigurationContext(configuration);
    }

    /**
     * @param context
     * @param newLanguage 想要切换的语言类型 比如 "en" ,"zh"
     */
    @SuppressLint("NewApi")
    public static void setConfiguration(Context context, String newLanguage) {
        if (TextUtils.isEmpty(newLanguage)) {
            return;
        }
        Locale locale = getLocaleByLanguage(newLanguage);
        //获取应用程序的所有资源对象
        Resources resources = context.getResources();
        //获取设置对象
        Configuration configuration = resources.getConfiguration();
        //如果API < 17
        if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.JELLY_BEAN_MR1) {
            configuration.locale = locale;
        } else //如果 17 < = API < 25 Android 7.7.1
            if (Build.VERSION.SDK_INT < Build.VERSION_CODES.N_MR1) {
                configuration.setLocale(locale);
            } else {//API 25  Android 7.7.1
                configuration.setLocale(locale);
                configuration.setLocales(new LocaleList(locale));
            }
        DisplayMetrics dm = resources.getDisplayMetrics();
        resources.updateConfiguration(configuration, dm);
    }
}