前言
运行时权限在这里就不介绍了。具体的可以移驾官方文档，或看其他博客，这篇文章只会教你如何使用动态权限。
文章目录:
一、危险权限列表
二、官方运行时权限示例
三、运行时权限封装
一、危险权限列表
在这边给出官方地址：正常权限和危险权限
表 1. 危险权限和权限组。
二、动态权限申请官方示例
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private MainActivity thisActivity;
private final int MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS = 1024;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
thisActivity = this;
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
//开始检查权限
if (ContextCompat.checkSelfPermission(thisActivity, Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
// 判断是否拒绝过权限
if (ActivityCompat.shouldShowRequestPermissionRationale(thisActivity,
Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS)) {
//向用户解释 为什么要权限，然后再次尝试权限请求
} else {
//权限框第一次弹出，不需要解释，直接请求(当然，解释解释更好!)
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(thisActivity,
new String[]{Manifest.permission.READ_CONTACTS},
MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS);
}
} else {
//执行此权限该做的事情
Toast.makeText(thisActivity, "权限授权处：1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
} else {
//执行此权限该做的事情
Toast.makeText(thisActivity, "权限授权处：1", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
}
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
switch (requestCode) {
case MY_PERMISSIONS_REQUEST_READ_CONTACTS: {
// If request is cancelled, the result arrays are empty.
if (grantResults.length > 0
&& grantResults[0] == PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
//执行此权限该做的事情
Toast.makeText(thisActivity, "权限授权处：2", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
//权限被拒绝了
}
return;
}
// 其他权限的键值
default:
}
}
}
注:即使获得权限也不要过度依赖它，因为用户可能使用其他渠道禁用权限，调用没有权限代码会抛出SecurityException异常
三 、运行时权限封装
public class PermissionUtil {
public static final int REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_PERMISSION = 1027;
private static final String PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME = "package:";
private static final int REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_SETTING = 1028;
public interface PermissionListener {
void allGranted(); //申请的权限已全部被允许;
}
public static class PermissionTool {
private PermissionListener mListener;
public PermissionTool(PermissionListener listener) {
mListener = listener;
}
public void checkAndRequestPermission(Activity activity, String... needPermissions) {
boolean isAllGranted = true;
for (String needPermission : needPermissions) {
if (ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, needPermission)
!= PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
isAllGranted = false;
}
Log.d("state", ActivityCompat.checkSelfPermission(activity, needPermission) + "");
}
if (isAllGranted) {
mListener.allGranted();
} else {
ActivityCompat.requestPermissions(activity, needPermissions, REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_PERMISSION);
}
}
public void onRequestPermissionResult(final Activity activity,
int requestCode, String[] permissions, int[] grantResults) {
if (requestCode == REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_PERMISSION) {
boolean allGrant = true;
for (int i = 0; i < grantResults.length; i++) {
if (grantResults[i] != PackageManager.PERMISSION_GRANTED) {
allGrant = false;
}
Log.d("PermissionTool", "onRequestPermissionResult(): " + grantResults[i] + "permission" + permissions[i]);
}
if (allGrant) {
mListener.allGranted();
} else {
Toast.makeText(activity, "部分所需权限未开启，将影响功能正常使用，请开启权限！", Toast.LENGTH_LONG).show();
startAppSettings(activity);
}
}
}
public void startAppSettings(Activity activity) {
Intent intent = new Intent(Settings.ACTION_APPLICATION_DETAILS_SETTINGS);
intent.setData(Uri.parse(PACKAGE_URL_SCHEME + activity.getPackageName()));
activity.startActivityForResult(intent, REQUEST_CODE_REQUEST_SETTING);
}
}
}
使用实例：
public class MainActivity extends AppCompatActivity {
private PermissionUtil.PermissionTool permissionTool;
private String[] requestPermissions = new String[]{
Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH,
Manifest.permission.BLUETOOTH_ADMIN,
Manifest.permission.INTERNET,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_FINE_LOCATION,
Manifest.permission.ACCESS_COARSE_LOCATION
};
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
if (android.os.Build.VERSION.SDK_INT >= Build.VERSION_CODES.M) {
permissionTool = new PermissionUtil.PermissionTool(new PermissionUtil.PermissionListener() {
@Override
public void allGranted() {
initView();
}
});
permissionTool.checkAndRequestPermission(MainActivity.this, requestPermissions);
} else {
initView();
}
}
private void initView() {
//在这里做界面初始化
}
@Override
public void onRequestPermissionsResult(int requestCode, @NonNull String[] permissions, @NonNull int[] grantResults) {
super.onRequestPermissionsResult(requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
permissionTool.onRequestPermissionResult(this, requestCode, permissions, grantResults);
}
}
附录：权限-小知识点.
硬件权限检查
<uses-feature android:name="android.hardware.camera" android:required="false" />
如果声明 android:required="false",说明允许您的应用安装在没有该功能的设备上。不过运行的时候必须调用PackageManager.hasSystemFeature()方法检查是否有此硬件。
Activity权限检查
在标签上使用android:permission属性，开启该Activity需要使用权限，如果没有权限则抛出SecurityException异常
Service 权限检查
在标签上使用android:permission属性，开启该Service 需要使用权限，如果没有权限则抛出SecurityException异常
Broadcast权限检查
发送广播的时候附带权限，在接收该广播的时候也需要相应权限才能接收，在标签上使用android:permission属性，接收该Broadcast使用权限，如果没有权限则接收不到广播
本文有不当之处还望多指出，更多权限相关请移步官网：
