63 Academia is full of savagery.

63 attesting to the redundancy or even meaninglessness of word 'causal'.

63 you cannot draw causal conclusions without some causal hypotheses.

64 Many people still make Nill' mistake of thinking that the goal of causal analysis is to prove that X is a cause of Y or else to find the cause of Y from scratch...is representing plausible causal knowledge in some mathematical language,combining it with empirical data,and answering causal queries that are of practical value.