阅读和写作不可分离。
阅读可以激发写作;写作也可以反过来督促继续阅读。
好读者不会只读不写,好作者不会只写不读。阅读和写作实际上应该是思考者密不可分的两个方面。
练习英文写作不妨从三个方向入手:一个是呈现细节(记叙文,说明文);另一个是逻辑论证(议论文)。还有一个是两种语言本身的比较,也就是特别留意英语与汉语在表达同一事物时的差异(研究汉语和英语不能一一对应的部分,可以使自己的表达更加地道)。因为《夏洛的网》是小说作品,相对而言更容易从中学习到生动的描写语言,不过如果仔细阅读,偶尔也会发现论证极为严密精彩的内容。
本着榨干甘蔗最后一滴糖,榨净花生最后一滴油的原则,我把《夏洛的网》英文版第七章的语言精华收集如下(建议你也边读原文边做笔记,把好词,好句,好段落都一一记录下来,然后慢慢咀嚼,争取消化吸收为自己语言的一部分):
精华1
Wilbur liked Charlotte better and better each day. Her campaign against insects seemed sensible and useful. Hardly anybody around the farm had a good word to say for a fly. Flies spent their time pestering others. The cows hated them. The horses detested tthem. The sheep loathed them. Mr. and Mrs. Zuckerman were always complaining about them, and putting up screens.
以上是本章的第一段,读起来结构清晰、自然而连贯,如行云流水。
首先说小猪威尔伯越来越喜欢夏洛这个朋友,以前他觉得夏洛喝苍蝇的血很残忍,但现在他的态度发生了转变,此时他认为夏洛消灭苍蝇的战役是明智而实用的。农场上几乎所有的成员都讨厌苍蝇,这里作者用了并列结构来展开说明哪些成员讨厌苍蝇,“讨厌”分别选择了意思相近的词: hate, detest, loath,complain about. 以后写作也可以应用这个结构:选择相近动词用并列结构进行内容的展开。
提问时间:以下句子中加粗的单词是什么意思呢?
Her campaign against insects seemed sensible and useful.
Mr. and Mrs. Zuckerman were always complaining about them, and putting up screens.
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在以下的内容中,如果你仔细挖掘,会有意外惊喜哦。
Wilbur admired the way Charlotte managed. He was particularly glad that she always put her victim to sleep before eating it.
"It's real thoughtful of you to do that, Charlotte," he said.
"Yes," she replied in her sweet, musical voice, "I always give them an anaesthetic so they won't feel pain. It's a little service I throw in."
提问时间:上文中的“thoughtful” 和“throw in”是什么意思呢?
精华3:
很多人应该都享受过慵懒的假期,那么你能描述一下你的慵懒假期是怎样的吗? 如果你一时不知如何表达,那么就先参考一下小猪威尔伯是如何享受他的悠闲日子吧,虽然小猪不刷手机,但还是有很多表达可以学习:
He ate three big meals a day. He spent long hours lying on his side, half asleep, dreaming pleasant dreams. He enjoyed good health and he gained a lot of weight.
“长时间侧身躺着”,“半睡半醒”,“做着美梦”,你现在应该知道怎么表达了。
关于长胖这件事,原文有很多不同的表达:gain a lot of weight, put on weight, fatten up, 如果你不希望在假期长胖,除了多运动外,还可以配合以多读书,多思考。大脑耗能量是很大的,只要你勤用脑、多用脑,它不会让你堆积过多的能量哦。
附《夏洛的网》英文版第七章全文:
Chapter 7 Bad News
Wilbur liked Charlotte better and better each day. Her campaign against insects seemed sensible and useful. Hardly anybody around the farm had a good word to say for a fly. Flies spent their time pestering others. The cows hated them. The horses detested tthem. The sheep loathed them. Mr. and Mrs. Zuckerman were always complaining about them, and putting up screens.
Wilbur admired the way Charlotte managed. He was particularly glad that she always put her victim to sleep before eating it.
"It's real thoughtful of you to do that, Charlotte," he said.
"Yes," she replied in her sweet, musical voice, "I always give them an anaesthetic so they won't feel pain. It's a little service I throw in."
As the days went by, Wilbur grew and grew. He ate three big meals a day. He spent long hours lying on his side, half asleep, dreaming pleasant dreams. He enjoyed good health and he gained a lot of weight. One afternoon, when Fern was sitting on her stool, the oldest sheep walked into the barn, and stopped to pay a call on Wilbur.
"Hello!" she said. "Seems to me you're putting on weight."
"Yes, I guess I am," replied Wilbur. "At my age it's a good idea to keep gaining."
"Just the same, I don't envy you," said the old sheep. "You know why they're fattening you up, don't you?"
"No," said Wilbur.
"Well, I don't like to spread bad news," said the old sheep, "but they're fattening you up because they are going to kill you, that's why."
"They're going to what?" screamed Wilbur. Fern grew rigid on her stool.
"Kill you. Turn you into smoked bacon and ham," continued the old sheep. "Almost all young pigs get murdered by the farmer as soon as the real cold weather sets in. There's a regular conspiracy around here to kill you at Christmastime. Everybody is in the plot---Lurvy, Zuckerman, even John Arable."
"Mr. Arable?" sobbed "Wilbur. "Fern's father?"
"Certainly. When a pig is to be butchered, everybody helps. I'm an old sheep and I see the same thing, same old business, year after year. Arable arrives with his.22, shoots the..."
"Stop!" screamed Wilbur. "I don't want to die! Save me, somebody! Save me!" Fern was just about to jump up when a voice was heard.
"Be quiet, Wilbur!" said Charlotte, who had been listening to this awful conversation.
"I can't be quiet, " screamed Wilbur, racing up and down. "I don't want to be killed. I don't want to die. Is it true what the old sheep says, Charlotte? Is it true they are going to kill me when the cold weather comes?"
"Well," said the spider, plucking thoughtfully at her web, "the old sheep has been around this barn a long time. She has seen many a spring pigs come and go. If she says they plan to kill you, I'm sure it's true. It's also the dirtiest trick I ever heard of. What people don't think of!"
Wilbur burst into tears. "I don't want to die," he moaned. "I want to stay alive, right here in my comfortable manure pile with all my friends. I want to breathe the beautiful air and lie in the beautiful sun."
"You're certainly making a beautiful noise," snapped the old sheep.
"I don't want to die!" screamed Wilbur, throwing himself to the ground.
"You shall not die," said Charlotte, briskly.
"What? Really?" cried Wilbur. "Who's going to save me?"
"I am," said Charlotte.
"How?" asked Wilbur.
"That remains to be seen. But I am going to save you, and I want you to quiet down immediately. You're carrying on in a childish way. Stop your crying! I can't stand hysterics."
揭晓答案时间:
Hercampaign against insects seemedsensibleand useful.
campaign:战役;campaign against insects:针对害虫的战役
sensible:合理的
Mr. and Mrs. Zuckerman were always complaining about them, and putting up screens.
screen:在这里不是“屏幕”的意思,而是“纱窗”。
It's real thoughtful of you to do that, Charlotte,
thoughtful:体贴的,考虑周到的。用英文解释就是:always thinking of the things you can do to make people happy or comfortable
有时候把学习到的内容变成问句,就会变成一个很好的写作话题,比如:
Do you know anyone who is thoughtful? What things have he or she done for you?
It's a little service I throw in.
throw in:额外奉送; 免费外加。用英文解释:to add (something extra) at no additional cost
平时在购物过程中,我们常常会收到免费赠送的东西或服务,就可以用这个词组。