1.使用Admin站点
假设我们要设计一个新闻网站，我们需要编写展示给用户的页面，网页上展示的新闻信息是从哪里来的呢？是从数据库中查找到新闻的信息，然后把它展示在页面上。但是我们的网站上的新闻每天都要更新，这就意味着对数据库的增、删、改、查操作，那么我们需要每天写sql语句操作数据库吗? 如果这样的话，是不是非常繁琐，所以我们可以设计一个页面，通过对这个页面的操作来实现对新闻数据库的增删改查操作。那么问题来了，老板说我们需要在建立一个新网站，是不是还要设计一个页面来实现对新网站数据库的增删改查操作，但是这样的页面具有一个很大的重复性，那有没有一种方法能够让我们很快的生成管理数据库表的页面呢？有，那就是我们接下来要给大家讲的Django的后台管理。Django能够根据定义的模型类自动地生成管理页面。
使用Django的管理模块，需要按照如下步骤操作：
管理界面本地化
创建管理员
注册模型类
自定义管理页面
1.1 管理界面本地化
在settings.py中设置语言和时区
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n15" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">LANGUAGE_CODE = 'zh-hans' # 使用中国语言
TIME_ZONE = 'Asia/Shanghai' # 使用中国上海时间</pre>
1.2 创建超级管理员
创建管理员的命令如下，按提示输入用户名、邮箱、密码。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="shell" cid="n18" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">python manage.py createsuperuser</pre>
[图片上传失败...(image-ca3f1e-1716516629992)]
密码太短可能会要你y确认Bypass password validation and create user anyway? [y/N]: y
打开浏览器，在地址栏中输入如下地址后回车。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="html" cid="n23" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">http://127.0.0.1:8000/admin/</pre>
输入前面创建的用户名、密码完成登录。
[图片上传失败...(image-a8c9d6-1716516629992)]
登录成功后界面如下，但是并没有我们自己应用模型的入口，接下来进行第三步操作。
[图片上传失败...(image-42db0b-1716516629992)]
如果想要修改密码可以执行
python manage.py changepassword 用户名
1.3 App应用配置
在每个应用目录中都包含了apps.py文件，用于保存该应用的相关信息。
在创建应用时，Django会向apps.py文件中写入一个该应用的配置类，如
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n36" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from django.apps import AppConfig
class BookConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'book'</pre>
我们将此类添加到工程settings.py中的INSTALLED_APPS列表中，表明注册安装具备此配置属性的应用。
AppConfig.name 属性表示这个配置类是加载到哪个应用的，每个配置类必须包含此属性，默认自动生成。
-
AppConfig.verbose_name 属性用于设置该应用的直观可读的名字，此名字在Django提供的Admin管理站点中会显示，如
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n43" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit;">from django.apps import AppConfig
class BookConfig(AppConfig):
name = 'book'
verbose_name = '图书管理'</pre>
1.4 注册模型类
登录后台管理后，默认没有我们创建的应用中定义的模型类，需要在自己应用中的admin.py文件中注册，才可以在后台管理中看到，并进行增删改查操作。
打开booktest/admin.py文件，编写如下代码：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n47" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from django.contrib import admin
from booktest.models import BookInfo,PeopleInfo
admin.site.register(BookInfo)
admin.site.register(PeopleInfo)</pre>
到浏览器中刷新页面，可以看到模型类BookInfo和HeroInfo的管理了。
[图片上传失败...(image-9075d5-1716516629992)]
[图片上传失败...(image-56cb27-1716516629992)]
在列表页中点击"增加"可以进入增加页，Django会根据模型类的不同，生成不同的表单控件，按提示填写表单内容后点击"保存"，完成数据创建，创建成功后返回列表页。
[图片上传失败...(image-520373-1716516629992)]
在列表页中点击某行的第一列可以进入修改页。
[图片上传失败...(image-ac5e08-1716516629992)]
删除：在列表页勾选想要删除的复选框，可以删除多项。
[图片上传失败...(image-4d339e-1716516629992)]
点击执行后进入确认页面，删除后回来列表页面。
[图片上传失败...(image-e7380f-1716516629992)]
1.5 调整站点信息
Admin站点的名称信息也是可以自定义的。
未调整前如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-dee54b-1716516629992)]
admin.site.site_header 设置网站页头
admin.site.site_title 设置页面标题
admin.site.index_title 设置首页标语
在book/admin.py文件中添加一下信息
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n72" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from django.contrib import admin
admin.site.site_header = 书城
admin.site.site_title = 书城MIS
admin.site.index_title = 欢迎使用书城MIS</pre>
刷新网站，效果如下
[图片上传失败...(image-f75ff1-1716516629992)]
1.6 定义与使用Admin管理类
Django提供的Admin站点的展示效果可以通过自定义ModelAdmin类来进行控制。
定义管理类需要继承自admin.ModelAdmin类，如下
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="python" cid="n78" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">from django.contrib import admin
Register your models here.
from book.models import BookInfo, PeopleInfo
使用管理类的两种方式
class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
1.装饰器
@admin.register(PeopleInfo)
class PeopleInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
pass
2.注册参数
admin.site.register(BookInfo, BookInfoAdmin)
</pre>
2.调整列表页展示
2.1 页大小
每页中显示多少条数据，默认为每页显示100条数据，属性如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n83" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">list_per_page=100</pre>
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改AreaAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n85" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_per_page = 2</pre>
2）在浏览器中查看区域信息的列表页面，效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-d2b121-1716516629991)]
2.2 "操作选项"的位置
顶部显示的属性，设置为True在顶部显示，设置为False不在顶部显示，默认为True。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n91" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">actions_on_top=True</pre>
底部显示的属性，设置为True在底部显示，设置为False不在底部显示，默认为False。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n93" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">actions_on_bottom=False</pre>
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n95" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
actions_on_top = True
actions_on_bottom = True</pre>
2）在浏览器中刷新效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-d8f62d-1716516629991)]
2.3 列表中的列
属性如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n101" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">list_display=[模型字段1,模型字段2,...]</pre>
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n103" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_display = ["name", "pub_date", "readcount", "commentcount", "is_delete"]</pre>
2）在浏览器中刷新效果如下
[图片上传失败...(image-89eee6-1716516629991)]
点击列头可以进行升序或降序排列。
2.4 将方法作为列
列可以是模型字段，还可以是模型方法，要求方法有返回值。
通过设置short_description属性，可以设置在admin站点中显示的列名。
1）打开booktest/models.py文件，修改BookInfo类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n111" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfo(models.Model):
...
#定义方法作为列
def sum_count(self):
return self.readcount+self.commentcount
sum_count.short_description = "总量" # 设置方法字段在admin中显示的标题</pre>
2）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n113" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_display = ["name", "pub_date", "readcount", "commentcount", "sum_count", "is_delete"]</pre>
3）在浏览器中刷新效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-9f43bd-1716516629991)]
2.5关联对象
无法直接访问关联对象的属性或方法，可以在模型类中封装方法，访问关联对象的成员。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n120" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">self.外键.主表字段</pre>
1）打开booktest/models.py文件，修改HeroInfo类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n122" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class PeopleInfo(models.Model):
...
def read(self):
#self.外键.主表字段
return self.book.readcount
#方法名.short_description = "admin显示字段"
read.short_description = "图书阅读量"</pre>
2）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改HeroInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n124" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class PeopleInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_display = ["name", "gender", "description", "book", "read", "is_delete"] # read为方法名</pre>
3）在浏览器中刷新效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-38d72c-1716516629991)]
2.6 右侧栏过滤器
属性如下，只能接收字段，会将对应字段的值列出来，用于快速过滤。一般用于有重复值的字段。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n130" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">list_filter=[]</pre>
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改HeroInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n132" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class PeopleInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
list_filter = ['book', 'name']</pre>
2）在浏览器中刷新效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-71c791-1716516629991)]
2.7 搜索框
属性如下，用于对指定字段的值进行搜索，支持模糊查询。列表类型，表示在这些字段上进行搜索。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n138" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">search_fields=[]</pre>
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改HeroInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n140" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class PeopleInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
search_fields = ['name']</pre>
2）在浏览器中刷新效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-6d4f86-1716516629991)]
3.调整编辑页展示
3.1 显示字段
属性如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n147" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">fields=[]</pre>
1）点击某行Name的链接，可以转到修改页面，默认效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-fefda8-1716516629991)]
2）打开book/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n151" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
fields = ['name', 'pub_date']</pre>
3）刷新浏览器效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-efbe8e-1716516629991)]
3.2 分组显示
属性如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n157" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">fieldset=(
('组1标题',{'fields':['字段1','字段2']}),
('组2标题',['fields':('字段3','字段4'],
'classes': ('collapse',) # 是否折叠显示}),
)</pre>
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n159" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
fields = ['name', 'pub_date']
fieldsets = (
('基本', {'fields': ['name', 'pub_date']}),
('高级', {
'fields': ['readcount', 'commentcount'],
'classes': ('collapse',) # 是否折叠显示
})
)
</pre>
说明：fields与fieldsets两者选一使用。
2）刷新浏览器效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-2a4579-1716516629991)]
3.3 关联对象
在一对多的关系中，可以在一端的编辑页面中编辑多端的对象，嵌入多端对象的方式包括表格、块两种。
类型InlineModelAdmin：表示在模型的编辑页面嵌入关联模型的编辑。
子类TabularInline：以表格的形式嵌入。
子类StackedInline：以块的形式嵌入。
1）打开book/admin.py文件，创建HeroInfoStackInline类。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n174" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class PeopleInfoStackInline(admin.StackedInline):
model = PeopleInfo # 要编辑的对象
extra = 1 # 附加编辑的数量</pre>
2）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n176" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
....
inlines = [PeopleInfoStackInline] #添加此代码</pre>
3）刷新浏览器效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-92015a-1716516629991)]
可以用表格的形式嵌入。
1）打开booktest/admin.py文件，创建HeroInfoTabularInline类。
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n181" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class PeopleInfoTabularInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = PeopleInfo
extra = 1</pre>
2）打开booktest/admin.py文件，修改BookInfoAdmin类如下：
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n183" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
...
inlines = [PeopleInfoTabularInline]</pre>
3）刷新浏览器效果如下图：
[图片上传失败...(image-4d2d31-1716516629991)]
4.上传图片
Django有提供文件系统支持，在Admin站点中可以轻松上传图片。
使用Admin站点保存图片，需要安装Python的图片操作包
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n190" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">pip install Pillow</pre>
4.1 配置
默认情况下，Django会将上传的图片保存在本地服务器上，需要配置保存的路径。
我们可以将上传的文件保存在静态文件目录中，如我们之前设置的static_files目录中在settings.py 文件中添加如下上传保存目录信息，会自己新建static_files/media
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n194" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">MEDIA_ROOT=os.path.join(BASE_DIR,"static_files/media")
</pre>
4.2 为模型类添加ImageField字段
我们为之前的BookInfo模型类添加一个ImageFiled
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n197" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfo(models.Model):
...
image = models.ImageField(upload_to='book', verbose_name='图片', null=True)</pre>
- upload_to 选项指明该字段的图片保存在MEDIA_ROOT目录中的哪个子目录
进行数据库迁移操作
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n202" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">python manage.py makemigrations
python manage.py migrate</pre>
添加image字段进行显示
<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="python" cid="n204" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: var(--monospace); font-size: 0.9em; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; background-image: inherit; background-position: inherit; background-size: inherit; background-repeat: inherit; background-attachment: inherit; background-origin: inherit; background-clip: inherit; background-color: rgb(248, 248, 248); position: relative !important; border: 1px solid rgb(231, 234, 237); border-radius: 3px; padding: 8px 4px 6px; margin-bottom: 15px; margin-top: 15px; width: inherit; color: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">class BookInfoAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
....
fieldsets = (
('基本', {'fields': ['name', 'pub_date', "image"]}), #添加image
('高级', {
'fields': ['readcount', 'commentcount'],
'classes': ('collapse',) # 是否折叠显示
})
)
inlines = [PeopleInfoTabularInline]</pre>
4.3 使用Admin站点上传图片
进入Admin站点的图书管理页面，选择一个图书，能发现多出来一个上传图片的字段
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选择一张图片并保存后，图片会被保存在static_files/media/子应用名/目录下。
在数据库中，我们能看到image字段被设置为图片的路径
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