Spring Boot 静态资源文件配置
说在前面的话:
创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块
SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
自己编写业务代码
由于 Spring Boot 采用了”约定优于配置”这种规范,所以在使用静态资源的时候也很简单。
SpringBoot本质上是为微服务而生的,以JAR的形式启动运行,但是有时候静态资源的访问是必不可少的,比如:image、js、css 等资源的访问
1.webjars配置静态路径
简单了解即可,感觉实用性不大,
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
} else {
Duration cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getPeriod();
CacheControl cacheControl = this.resourceProperties.getCache().getCachecontrol().toHttpCacheControl();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{"/webjars/**"}).addResourceLocations(new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/"}).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
this.customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(registry.addResourceHandler(new String[]{staticPathPattern}).addResourceLocations(getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())).setCachePeriod(this.getSeconds(cachePeriod)).setCacheControl(cacheControl));
}
}
}
}
代码分析: 所有 /webjars/**
,都去classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/
找资源;webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源; webjars提供的依赖官网
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>1.12.4</version>
</dependency>
启动服务,测试访问静态地址http://127.0.0.1:8001/hp/webjars/jquery/1.12.4/jquery.js
2.默认静态资源路径
@ConfigurationProperties(
prefix = "spring.resources",
ignoreUnknownFields = false
)
public class ResourceProperties {
private static final String[] CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS = new String[]{"classpath:/META-INF/resources/", "classpath:/resources/", "classpath:/static/", "classpath:/public/"};
private String[] staticLocations;
private boolean addMappings;
private final ResourceProperties.Chain chain;
private final ResourceProperties.Cache cache;
public ResourceProperties() {
this.staticLocations = CLASSPATH_RESOURCE_LOCATIONS;
this.addMappings = true;
this.chain = new ResourceProperties.Chain();
this.cache = new ResourceProperties.Cache();
}
public String[] getStaticLocations() {
return this.staticLocations;
}
}
摘抄了部分源码,算是为了增加篇幅,从上述代码中我们可以看到,提供了几种默认的配置方式
classpath:/static
classpath:/public
classpath:/resources
classpath:/META-INF/resources
备注说明: "/"=>当前项目的根路径
我们在src/main/resources目录下新建 public、resources、static 、META-INF等目录目录,并分别放入 1.jpg 2.jpg 3.jpg 4.jpg 5.jpg 五张图片。
注意:需要排除webjars的形式,将pom.xml中的代码去掉,在进行测试结果结果如下
3.新增静态资源路径
我们在spring.resources.static-locations
后面追加一个配置classpath:/os/
:
# 静态文件请求匹配方式
spring.mvc.static-path-pattern=/**
# 修改默认的静态寻址资源目录 多个使用逗号分隔
spring.resources.static-locations = classpath:/META-INF/resources/,classpath:/resources/,classpath:/static/,classpath:/public/,classpath:/os/
4.自定义静态资源映射
在实际开发中,我们可能需要自定义静态资源访问以及上传路径,特别是文件上传,不可能上传的运行的JAR服务中,那么可以通过继承WebMvcConfigurerAdapter来实现自定义路径映射。
application.properties 文件配置:
# 图片音频上传路径配置(win系统自行变更本地路径)
web.upload.path=D:/upload/attr/
Demo05BootApplication.java 启动配置:
package com.hanpang;
import org.slf4j.Logger;
import org.slf4j.LoggerFactory;
import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
import org.springframework.boot.SpringApplication;
import org.springframework.boot.autoconfigure.SpringBootApplication;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.ResourceHandlerRegistry;
import org.springframework.web.servlet.config.annotation.WebMvcConfigurer;
@SpringBootApplication
public class Demo05BootApplication implements WebMvcConfigurer {
private final static Logger LOGGER = LoggerFactory.getLogger(Demo05BootApplication.class);
@Value("${web.upload.path}")
private String uploadPath;
@Override
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
registry.addResourceHandler("/uploads/**").addResourceLocations(
"file:" + uploadPath);
LOGGER.info("自定义静态资源目录、此处功能用于文件映射");
}
public static void main(String[] args) {
SpringApplication.run(Demo05BootApplication.class, args);
}
}
5.设置欢迎界面
依然从源码出手来解决这个问题
public class WebMvcAutoConfiguration {
private Optional<Resource> getWelcomePage() {
String[] locations = getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
return Arrays.stream(locations).map(this::getIndexHtml).filter(this::isReadable).findFirst();
}
private Resource getIndexHtml(String location) {
return this.resourceLoader.getResource(location + "index.html");
}
}
5.1 直接设置静态默认页面
欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面,被"/**"映射;
5.2 增加控制器的方式
-
新增模版引擎的支持
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
-
配置核心文件application.properties
server.port=8001 server.servlet.context-path=/hp spring.mvc.view.prefix=classpath:/templates/
没有去设置后缀名
-
设置增加路由
@Controller public class IndexController { @GetMapping({"/","/index"}) public String index(){ return "default"; } }
访问
http://127.0.0.1:8001/hp/
5.3 设置默认的View跳转页面
-
新增模版引擎的支持
<dependency> <groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId> <artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId> </dependency>
-
配置核心文件application.properties
server.port=8001 server.servlet.context-path=/hp spring.mvc.view.prefix=classpath:/templates/
没有去设置后缀名
-
启动文件的修改如下
@SpringBootApplication public class Demo05BootApplication implements WebMvcConfigurer { @Override public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) { registry.addViewController("/").setViewName("default"); registry.addViewController("/index1").setViewName("default"); registry.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE); } public static void main(String[] args) { SpringApplication.run(Demo05BootApplication.class, args); } }
6. Favicon设置
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(
value = {"spring.mvc.favicon.enabled"},
matchIfMissing = true
)
public static class FaviconConfiguration implements ResourceLoaderAware {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
private ResourceLoader resourceLoader;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
public void setResourceLoader(ResourceLoader resourceLoader) {
this.resourceLoader = resourceLoader;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(-2147483647);
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico", this.faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler.setLocations(this.resolveFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
private List<Resource> resolveFaviconLocations() {
String[] staticLocations = WebMvcAutoConfiguration.WebMvcAutoConfigurationAdapter.getResourceLocations(this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations());
List<Resource> locations = new ArrayList(staticLocations.length + 1);
Stream var10000 = Arrays.stream(staticLocations);
ResourceLoader var10001 = this.resourceLoader;
var10001.getClass();
var10000.map(var10001::getResource).forEach(locations::add);
locations.add(new ClassPathResource("/"));
return Collections.unmodifiableList(locations);
}
}
SpringBoot 默认是开启Favicon,并且提供了一个默认的Favicon,如果想关闭Favicon,只需要在application.properties中添加
spring.mvc.favicon.enabled=false
如果想更改Favicon,只需要将自己的Favicon.ico(文件名不能改动),放置到类路径根目录、类路径META_INF/resources/下、类路径resources/下、类路径static/下或者类路径public/下。
5.附录
A.WebMvcConfigurerAdapter过时
在Springboot中配置WebMvcConfigurerAdapter的时候发现这个类过时了。所以看了下源码,发现官方在spring5弃用了WebMvcConfigurerAdapter,因为springboot2.0使用的spring5,所以会出现过时。
WebMvcConfigurerAdapter已经过时,在新版本中被废弃,以下是比较常用的重写接口:
/** 解决跨域问题 **/
public void addCorsMappings(CorsRegistry registry) ;
/** 添加拦截器 **/
void addInterceptors(InterceptorRegistry registry);
/** 这里配置视图解析器 **/
void configureViewResolvers(ViewResolverRegistry registry);
/** 配置内容裁决的一些选项 **/
void configureContentNegotiation(ContentNegotiationConfigurer configurer);
/** 视图跳转控制器 **/
void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry);
/** 静态资源处理 **/
void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry);
/** 默认静态资源处理器 **/
void configureDefaultServletHandling(DefaultServletHandlerConfigurer configurer);
方案1:直接实现WebMvcConfigurer
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfg implements WebMvcConfigurer {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
}
}
方案2:直接继承WebMvcConfigurationSupport
@Configuration
public class WebMvcConfg extends WebMvcConfigurationSupport {
@Override
public void addViewControllers(ViewControllerRegistry registry) {
registry.addViewController("/index").setViewName("index");
}
}
其实,源码下WebMvcConfigurerAdapter是实现WebMvcConfigurer接口,所以直接实现WebMvcConfigurer接口也可以;WebMvcConfigurationSupport与WebMvcConfigurerAdapter、接口WebMvcConfigurer处于同一个目录下WebMvcConfigurationSupport包含WebMvcConfigurer里面的方法,由此看来版本中应该是推荐使用WebMvcConfigurationSupport类的,WebMvcConfigurationSupport应该是新版本中对WebMvcConfigurerAdapter的替换和扩展
B.关于加载目录问题
// 可以直接使用addResourceLocations 指定磁盘绝对路径,同样可以配置多个位置,注意路径写法需要加上file:
registry.addResourceHandler("/myimgs/**").addResourceLocations("file:H:/myimgs/");
// 访问myres根目录下的fengjing.jpg 的URL为 http://localhost:8080/fengjing.jpg (/** 会覆盖系统默认的配置)
registry.addResourceHandler("/**").addResourceLocations("classpath:/myres/").addResourceLocations("classpath:/static/");