导言
最近在研究View的绘制流程,网上很多相关博客,从源码角度分析整个绘制流程,其实主要就是三个步骤:测量、布局、绘制,网上大神们讲解的很深入,还有的针对measure过程给出示例,清晰而形象地分析了测量的整个流程。
不过,不过,虽然看了这么多,但只有以自己的理解写出来,才能真正的转换为自己的东西。
下面,我会是基于Andriod(Api26)源码分析,按先广后深的思路引导大家理解View的整个绘制流程,即先了解整体流程,再一点点深入到细节中去,希望能从另外一个角度帮助大家加深理解。
Activity视图结构
首先,请看下面一张图
从上图很容易看出Activity整体视图结构,接着,我们来分析其中的一些重点:
- PhoneWindow继承Window类,Window是个抽象类,是窗口的概念。有人会问,窗口是什么以及有什么作用?在Android中,窗口是独占一个Surface实例的显示区域,每个窗口的Surface通过WindowManageService分配。Surface可以理解为一块画布,应用可以通过Canvas在其上作画。画好之后SurfaceFlinger将多块Surface以特定的顺序输入到FrameBuffer中,这样界面就得以显示。
- 每个Activity都会创建一个PhoneWindow对象,而每个Window对应一个View和一个ViewRootImpl,Window和View通过ViewRootImpl建立联系。
- DecorView是视图的根View,本质是一个FrameLayout,它下面包含一个vertical方向的LinearLayout,LinearLayout下面又包括一个TitleView和一个ContentView,TitleView可以通过
requestWindowFeature(Window.FEATURE_NO_TITLE)
去掉,而setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
就是往我们的ContentView中设置内容。
Activity视图初始化入口
下面,开始分析一下Activity视图初始化流程。首先,还是先看一张图
接着,我们就从最熟悉的Activity.setContentView(R.layout.activity_main)
来分析:
- 在Activity的onCreate方法中,我们会调用setContentView方法:
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
setContentView(R.layout.activity_main);
...
}
- 跟进setContentView方法看
@Override
public void setContentView(@LayoutRes int layoutResID) {
getDelegate().setContentView(layoutResID);
}
- 继续往下跟会发现最后调用的是PhoneWindow的setContentView方法
@Override
public void setContentView(int layoutResID) {
// mContentParent是上面提到的ContentView的父容器,如为空,则调用installDecor()初始化decorView和mContentParent
if (mContentParent == null) {
installDecor();
} else if (!hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
mContentParent.removeAllViews();
}
if (hasFeature(FEATURE_CONTENT_TRANSITIONS)) {
...
} else {
//一般情况下回来到这里,把我们传入的布局添加到mContentParent中
mLayoutInflater.inflate(layoutResID, mContentParent);
}
...
}
- 继续跟进LayoutInflater.inflate方法
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root) {
return inflate(resource, root, root != null);
}
public View inflate(@LayoutRes int resource, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
final Resources res = getContext().getResources();
if (DEBUG) {
Log.d(TAG, "INFLATING from resource: \"" + res.getResourceName(resource) + "\" ("
+ Integer.toHexString(resource) + ")");
}
final XmlResourceParser parser = res.getLayout(resource);
try {
return inflate(parser, root, attachToRoot);
} finally {
parser.close();
}
}
//此方法中省略很多代码,只摘出相关的代码
public View inflate(XmlPullParser parser, @Nullable ViewGroup root, boolean attachToRoot) {
View result = root;
if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
rInflate(parser, root, inflaterContext, attrs, false);
} else {
final View temp = createViewFromTag(root, name, inflaterContext, attrs);
rInflateChildren(parser, temp, attrs, true);
result = temp;
}
return result;
}
- 从上面可以看出,merge标签做了单独处理,如果是merge标签,则调用rInflate方法,如果是非merge,则调用rInflateChildren方法,分别看两个方法
void rInflate(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, Context context,
AttributeSet attrs, boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
final int depth = parser.getDepth();
int type;
boolean pendingRequestFocus = false;
while (((type = parser.next()) != XmlPullParser.END_TAG ||
parser.getDepth() > depth) && type != XmlPullParser.END_DOCUMENT) {
if (type != XmlPullParser.START_TAG) {
continue;
}
final String name = parser.getName();
if (TAG_REQUEST_FOCUS.equals(name)) {
pendingRequestFocus = true;
consumeChildElements(parser);
} else if (TAG_TAG.equals(name)) {
parseViewTag(parser, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_INCLUDE.equals(name)) {
if (parser.getDepth() == 0) {
throw new InflateException("<include /> cannot be the root element");
}
parseInclude(parser, context, parent, attrs);
} else if (TAG_MERGE.equals(name)) {
throw new InflateException("<merge /> must be the root element");
} else {
final View view = createViewFromTag(parent, name, context, attrs);
final ViewGroup viewGroup = (ViewGroup) parent;
final ViewGroup.LayoutParams params = viewGroup.generateLayoutParams(attrs);
rInflateChildren(parser, view, attrs, true);
viewGroup.addView(view, params);
}
}
if (pendingRequestFocus) {
parent.restoreDefaultFocus();
}
if (finishInflate) {
parent.onFinishInflate();
}
}
- 可以看出来,rInflate方法实际是遍历解析每个标签,并且把它加载父View中,在此过程中,如果是ViewGroup,就会调用rInflateChildren方法
final void rInflateChildren(XmlPullParser parser, View parent, AttributeSet attrs,
boolean finishInflate) throws XmlPullParserException, IOException {
rInflate(parser, parent, parent.getContext(), attrs, finishInflate);
}
- rInflateChildren实际还是调用rInflate方法,通过递归调用,最终把布局中的ViewTree添加到mContentView中。至此,整个setContentView的流程分析完毕。
视图绘制流程
接下来,开始分析ViewRootImpl是如何完成View绘制的。当decorView与ViewRootImpl关联好之后,会调用ViewRootImpl的requestLayout方法
@Override
public void requestLayout() {
if (!mHandlingLayoutInLayoutRequest) {
checkThread();
mLayoutRequested = true;
scheduleTraversals();
}
}
方法中调用的scheduleTraversals()方法调度一次完整的绘制流程
void scheduleTraversals() {
if (!mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = true;
mTraversalBarrier = mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().postSyncBarrier();
mChoreographer.postCallback(
Choreographer.CALLBACK_TRAVERSAL, mTraversalRunnable, null);
if (!mUnbufferedInputDispatch) {
scheduleConsumeBatchedInput();
}
notifyRendererOfFramePending();
pokeDrawLockIfNeeded();
}
}
该方法会发送一个消息,去执行遍历任务mTraversalRunnable
final TraversalRunnable mTraversalRunnable = new TraversalRunnable();
final class TraversalRunnable implements Runnable {
@Override
public void run() {
doTraversal();
}
}
void doTraversal() {
if (mTraversalScheduled) {
mTraversalScheduled = false;
mHandler.getLooper().getQueue().removeSyncBarrier(mTraversalBarrier);
if (mProfile) {
Debug.startMethodTracing("ViewAncestor");
}
performTraversals();
if (mProfile) {
Debug.stopMethodTracing();
mProfile = false;
}
}
}
可以看到,在doTraversla()方法中会调用performTraversals()方法,重点来了,performTraversals()方法就是整个View绘制流程的起点。
//此方法内容太多,只摘取绘制相关的主要代码
private void performTraverslas() {
......
int childWidthMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mWidth, lp.width);
int childHeightMeasureSpec = getRootMeasureSpec(mHeight, lp.height);
......
performMeasure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
......
performLayout(lp, mWidth, mHeight);
......
performDraw();
......
}
//获取窗口的测试测量参数
private static int getRootMeasureSpec(int windowSize, int rootDimension) {
int measureSpec;
switch (rootDimension) {
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT:
// Window can't resize. Force root view to be windowSize.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
case ViewGroup.LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT:
// Window can resize. Set max size for root view.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(windowSize, MeasureSpec.AT_MOST);
break;
default:
// Window wants to be an exact size. Force root view to be that size.
measureSpec = MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(rootDimension, MeasureSpec.EXACTLY);
break;
}
return measureSpec;
}
performMeasure()方法中的关键代码
mView.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
performLayout()方法中的关键代码
mView.layout(0, 0, host.getMeasuredWidth(), host.getMeasuredHeight());
performDraw()方法通过层层调用,最后会走到
mView.draw(canvas);
通过上面代码分析可看到,View的绘制流程分为三个步骤,分别是measure,layout,draw。而代码中的mView即是DecorView,下面来看一下三个步骤分别干了什么事情。
1、测量measure
了解MeasureSpec
- MeasureSpec(测量参数或测量规格):
它封装的是父容器传递给子容器的测量要求
,简单一点理解就是,通过父容器的MeasureSpec和子容器的LayoutParam计算出子容器的测量要求,这个测量要求就是MeasureSpec。 - MeasureSpec是一个int类型的组合值,由前2位的mode(测量模式)和后30位的size(尺寸)组合而成,是为了节约对象分配开支。
测量模式有三种:
- EXACTLY : 父容器大小已确定,子容器最大不能超过父容器
- AT_MOST : 父容器大小未定,但不能超过声明大小,因此子容器也不能超过声明大小
- UNSPECIFIED : 父容器对子容器没有任何限制,子容器想要多大就多大
子容器的LayoutParam也有三种:
- match_parent : 适应父容器的尺寸
- wrap_content : 适应自身内容的尺寸
- dimension(eg. 100dp) : 固定尺寸
根据父容器的MeasureSpec和子容器的LayoutParam计算子容器的MeasureSpec:
View的measure方法:
public final void measure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
...
onMeasure(widthMeasureSpec, heightMeasureSpec);
...
}
主要调用了onMeasure方法,那么onMeasure方法又干了什么呢
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
setMeasuredDimension(getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumWidth(), widthMeasureSpec),
getDefaultSize(getSuggestedMinimumHeight(), heightMeasureSpec));
}
主要就是设置View的尺寸,尺寸是通过getDefaultSize()获取的
public static int getDefaultSize(int size, int measureSpec) {
int result = size;
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(measureSpec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(measureSpec);
switch (specMode) {
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
result = size;
break;
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
result = specSize;
break;
}
return result;
}
该方法两个参数,一个是默认尺寸size,一个是测量尺寸measureSpec,如果测量模式为EXACTLY或AT_MOST,就取测量尺寸作为自己的尺寸,如果是UNSPECIFIED,则使用默认尺寸。那么默认尺寸是什么呢
protected int getSuggestedMinimumHeight() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinHeight : max(mMinHeight, mBackground.getMinimumHeight());
}
protected int getSuggestedMinimumWidth() {
return (mBackground == null) ? mMinWidth : max(mMinWidth, mBackground.getMinimumWidth());
}
可见默认尺寸是我们在布局文件中设置的minWidth、minHeight或者是背景图片的大小。大多数情况会直接使用测量的值作为实际的宽高。如果想改变View的测量大小,可以直接通过setMeasureDimension设置(不建议)。但是在onMeasure方法中必须调用setMeasureDimension方法,不然会抛异常。
ViewGroup的onMeasure方法
看了View的测量方法之后,我们来看一下ViewGroup的测量方法。打开ViewGroup的源码一搜,咦,咦,咦,ViewGroup竟然没有实现onMeasure方法
。那么仔细想想,具体的实现肯定是放在子类中。我们就以FrameLayout为例,来分析一下吧。
@Override
protected void onMeasure(int widthMeasureSpec, int heightMeasureSpec) {
int count = getChildCount();
...
int maxHeight = 0;
int maxWidth = 0;
int childState = 0;
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (mMeasureAllChildren || child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
//遍历子View,只要不是GONE,都会测量,并且记录下最大的width和最大的height
measureChildWithMargins(child, widthMeasureSpec, 0, heightMeasureSpec, 0);
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth,
child.getMeasuredWidth() + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin);
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight,
child.getMeasuredHeight() + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin);
childState = combineMeasuredStates(childState, child.getMeasuredState());
if (measureMatchParentChildren) {
if (lp.width == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT ||
lp.height == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
mMatchParentChildren.add(child);
}
}
}
}
// Account for padding too
maxWidth += getPaddingLeftWithForeground() + getPaddingRightWithForeground();
maxHeight += getPaddingTopWithForeground() + getPaddingBottomWithForeground();
// Check against our minimum height and width
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, getSuggestedMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, getSuggestedMinimumWidth());
// Check against our foreground's minimum height and width
final Drawable drawable = getForeground();
if (drawable != null) {
maxHeight = Math.max(maxHeight, drawable.getMinimumHeight());
maxWidth = Math.max(maxWidth, drawable.getMinimumWidth());
}
//所有子View测量完毕之后,通过setMeasureDimension设置自己的宽高
//对于FrameLayout,是使用最大的View的大小,而对于LinearLayout,可能是高度的累加
setMeasuredDimension(resolveSizeAndState(maxWidth, widthMeasureSpec, childState),
resolveSizeAndState(maxHeight, heightMeasureSpec,
childState << MEASURED_HEIGHT_STATE_SHIFT));
}
在该方法中,会调用measureChildWidthWithMargins()方法,实现如下:
protected void measureChildWithMargins(View child,
int parentWidthMeasureSpec, int widthUsed,
int parentHeightMeasureSpec, int heightUsed) {
final MarginLayoutParams lp = (MarginLayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int childWidthMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentWidthMeasureSpec,
mPaddingLeft + mPaddingRight + lp.leftMargin + lp.rightMargin
+ widthUsed, lp.width);
final int childHeightMeasureSpec = getChildMeasureSpec(parentHeightMeasureSpec,
mPaddingTop + mPaddingBottom + lp.topMargin + lp.bottomMargin
+ heightUsed, lp.height);
child.measure(childWidthMeasureSpec, childHeightMeasureSpec);
}
该方法先计算出子View的测量规则,再调用子View的measure方法来测量子View。如果子View是View类型的,会按照View的measure方法
进行测量,如果子View是ViewGroup,则继续按照ViewGroup的onMeasure方法
进行测量。
该方法会调用getChildMeasureSpec()计算子View的MeasureSpec:
public static int getChildMeasureSpec(int spec, int padding, int childDimension) {
int specMode = MeasureSpec.getMode(spec);
int specSize = MeasureSpec.getSize(spec);
int size = Math.max(0, specSize - padding);
int resultSize = 0;
int resultMode = 0;
switch (specMode) {
// Parent has imposed an exact size on us
case MeasureSpec.EXACTLY:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size. So be it.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent has imposed a maximum size on us
case MeasureSpec.AT_MOST:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... so be it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size, but our size is not fixed.
// Constrain child to not be bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size. It can't be
// bigger than us.
resultSize = size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.AT_MOST;
}
break;
// Parent asked to see how big we want to be
case MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED:
if (childDimension >= 0) {
// Child wants a specific size... let him have it
resultSize = childDimension;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.EXACTLY;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.MATCH_PARENT) {
// Child wants to be our size... find out how big it should
// be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
} else if (childDimension == LayoutParams.WRAP_CONTENT) {
// Child wants to determine its own size.... find out how
// big it should be
resultSize = View.sUseZeroUnspecifiedMeasureSpec ? 0 : size;
resultMode = MeasureSpec.UNSPECIFIED;
}
break;
}
//noinspection ResourceType
return MeasureSpec.makeMeasureSpec(resultSize, resultMode);
}
整个的计算逻辑很简单,就如上图计算子容器MeasureSpec
中所总结。
一个简单的测量例子
至此,View的测量过程已经讲完,包括View的测量方法和ViewGroup的测量方法。下面,我们通过一个简单的布局来介绍测量的具体流程,视图布局如下:
<?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?>
<LinearLayout xmlns:android="http://schemas.android.com/apk/res/android"
android:id="@+id/llRoot"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:orientation="vertical">
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvContent1"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="wrap_content"
android:text="content1" />
<TextView
android:id="@+id/tvContent2"
android:layout_width="match_parent"
android:layout_height="150dp"
android:text="content2" />
</LinearLayout>
布局很简单,就是一个vertical的LinearLayout中包含两个TextView,为了方便起见,设置窗口为FEATURE_NO_TITLE,从下面时序图很容易看出测量流程:
测量从DecorView开始,一层一层往下测量,棕色的方块表示传递height对应的MeasureSpec
2、布局layout
测量完毕之后,知道了每个View的大小,接下来就需要把View放到对应的地方,也就需要调用layout方法进行布局。
View的layout方法
public void layout(int l, int t, int r, int b) {
...
boolean changed = isLayoutModeOptical(mParent) ?
setOpticalFrame(l, t, r, b) : setFrame(l, t, r, b);
if (changed || (mPrivateFlags & PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) == PFLAG_LAYOUT_REQUIRED) {
onLayout(changed, l, t, r, b);
...
}
...
如果View的位置改变,则需要对View进行重新布局,调用onLayout方法:
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {}
可见,View的onLayout方法是空实现,因为View没有子View,所以不需要进行布局,布局仅对ViewGroup有效,那么我们就来分析一下ViewGroup的onLayout方法。
ViewGroup的onLayout方法
@Override
protected abstract void onLayout(boolean changed,
int l, int t, int r, int b);
ViewGroup的onLayout方法是抽象方法
,可见具体的实现还是在ViewGroup的各种继承类中,在此还是来分析FrameLayout的onLayout方法:
@Override
protected void onLayout(boolean changed, int left, int top, int right, int bottom) {
layoutChildren(left, top, right, bottom, false /* no force left gravity */);
}
void layoutChildren(int left, int top, int right, int bottom, boolean forceLeftGravity) {
final int count = getChildCount();
final int parentLeft = getPaddingLeftWithForeground();
final int parentRight = right - left - getPaddingRightWithForeground();
final int parentTop = getPaddingTopWithForeground();
final int parentBottom = bottom - top - getPaddingBottomWithForeground();
for (int i = 0; i < count; i++) {
final View child = getChildAt(i);
if (child.getVisibility() != GONE) {
final LayoutParams lp = (LayoutParams) child.getLayoutParams();
final int width = child.getMeasuredWidth();
final int height = child.getMeasuredHeight();
int childLeft;
int childTop;
int gravity = lp.gravity;
if (gravity == -1) {
gravity = DEFAULT_CHILD_GRAVITY;
}
final int layoutDirection = getLayoutDirection();
final int absoluteGravity = Gravity.getAbsoluteGravity(gravity, layoutDirection);
final int verticalGravity = gravity & Gravity.VERTICAL_GRAVITY_MASK;
switch (absoluteGravity & Gravity.HORIZONTAL_GRAVITY_MASK) {
case Gravity.CENTER_HORIZONTAL:
childLeft = parentLeft + (parentRight - parentLeft - width) / 2 +
lp.leftMargin - lp.rightMargin;
break;
case Gravity.RIGHT:
if (!forceLeftGravity) {
childLeft = parentRight - width - lp.rightMargin;
break;
}
case Gravity.LEFT:
default:
childLeft = parentLeft + lp.leftMargin;
}
switch (verticalGravity) {
case Gravity.TOP:
childTop = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
break;
case Gravity.CENTER_VERTICAL:
childTop = parentTop + (parentBottom - parentTop - height) / 2 +
lp.topMargin - lp.bottomMargin;
break;
case Gravity.BOTTOM:
childTop = parentBottom - height - lp.bottomMargin;
break;
default:
childTop = parentTop + lp.topMargin;
}
child.layout(childLeft, childTop, childLeft + width, childTop + height);
}
}
}
这段代码中出现了l,t,r,b和parentLeft,parentRight,parentTop,parentBottom。我们通过下面一张图来理解这些值分别是什么意思
如图可知l,t,r,b表示当前ViewGroup在父容器中的边距,而parentLeft,parentRight,parentTop,parentBottom则是当前ViewGroup计算出自己的内边距,提供给子View进行布局。
理解了这几个值的意思之后,我们来分析代码中进行了什么操作,主要就是一个for循环,遍历子View并且确定每个子View在父View中的位置,在确定子View位置的过程中,会使用子View的LayoutParams,layoutDirection等一系列参数。
3、绘制draw
介绍完了测量和布局,代表View的大小和位置都已经确定了,接下来就需要把View绘制出来。
View的draw方法
public void draw(Canvas canvas) {
...
/*
* Draw traversal performs several drawing steps which must be executed
* in the appropriate order:
*
* 1. Draw the background
* 2. If necessary, save the canvas' layers to prepare for fading
* 3. Draw view's content
* 4. Draw children
* 5. If necessary, draw the fading edges and restore layers
* 6. Draw decorations (scrollbars for instance)
*/
// Step 1, draw the background, if needed
int saveCount;
if (!dirtyOpaque) {
drawBackground(canvas);
}
// skip step 2 & 5 if possible (common case)
final int viewFlags = mViewFlags;
boolean horizontalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_HORIZONTAL) != 0;
boolean verticalEdges = (viewFlags & FADING_EDGE_VERTICAL) != 0;
if (!verticalEdges && !horizontalEdges) {
// Step 3, draw the content
if (!dirtyOpaque) onDraw(canvas);
// Step 4, draw the children
dispatchDraw(canvas);
drawAutofilledHighlight(canvas);
// Overlay is part of the content and draws beneath Foreground
if (mOverlay != null && !mOverlay.isEmpty()) {
mOverlay.getOverlayView().dispatchDraw(canvas);
}
// Step 6, draw decorations (foreground, scrollbars)
onDrawForeground(canvas);
}
}
源码中的注释很详细,绘制总共分6个步骤,其中第二步和第五步基本可以跳过,剩下的步骤是:
- 绘制背景
- 通过onDraw()绘制之身
- 通过dispatchDraw()绘制子View
- 绘制滚动条
接下来看看View的onDraw方法
/**
* Implement this to do your drawing.
*
* @param canvas the canvas on which the background will be drawn
*/
protected void onDraw(Canvas canvas) {
}
空实现,也就是具体的绘制过程放在每个子View中了,由于View没有子View所以dispatchDraw自然也是空实现。
ViewGroup的draw
ViewGroup并没有覆写draw()和onDraw()方法,但会重写dispatchDraw()方法,此处就不给出dispatchDraw方法的源码,主要流程也是遍历子View,然后调用View的draw()方法。
至此View的绘制流程都已介绍完毕。下面我们来说一下绘制过程中的一些问题。
几个问题
1、measure和layout过程会执行多次
有些控件在测量的过程中确实存在多次测量的情况,比如RelativeLayout,LinearLayout中使用layout_weight。因为通过一次测量不能完全测出所有子View的宽高,所以需要多次测量。具体每个控件的测量过程就不在这里详细说明,各位可以自己 查看源码。
2、onMeasure、onLayout、onDraw在自定义view中的作用
- 自定义View:如果控件直接继承自View,那么在布局中使用wrap_content的时候,控件会占据父容器的所有剩余空间,这种情况一般需要自己实现onMeasure方法。自定义View不需要重写onLayout,onDraw必须得自己实现。
- 自定义ViewGroup:如果控件直接继承自ViewGroup,则必须重写onMeasure方法,也需要重写onLayout方法。
- 继承自View或ViewGroup的子控件:在需要的时候去重写对应的方法。
之后会有一篇文章专门介绍自定义View,在此就不做过多介绍。
总结
写了这么多,总算把View的绘制流程介绍完了,希望认真看完的小伙伴有所收获。本文主要从Activity的setContentView入手,介绍Activity 的视图初始化过程,当Activity进入resume时就开始界面的绘制流程。
写于2018.05.29 15:00(位置:深圳南山)