1, systemV标准, posix标准
pthread_mutext_t
pthread_cond_t
sem_t
spinlock_t
pthread_rwlock_t
2,iOS, objective-c/swift2.3/swift3
NSLock
NSRecursiveLock
NSCondtion
NSCondtionLock
OSSpinLock
@synchronized
dispatch_semaphore_t
dispatch_group_t
DispatchSemaphore
DispatchGroup
dispatch_once_t