定义
定义了一个算法的步骤，并允许子类别为一个或多个步骤提供其实践方式。让子类别在不改变算法架构的情况下，重新定义算法中的某些步骤。-
类图
Template Method.png 例子
/**
* An abstract class that is common to several games in
* which players play against the others, but only one is
* playing at a given time.
*/
abstract class Game {
private int playersCount;
abstract void initializeGame();
abstract void makePlay(int player);
abstract boolean endOfGame();
abstract void printWinner();
/* A template method : */
final void playOneGame(int playersCount) {
this.playersCount = playersCount;
initializeGame();
int j = 0;
while (!endOfGame()){
makePlay(j);
j = (j + 1) % playersCount;
}
printWinner();
}
}
//Now we can extend this class in order to implement actual games:
class Monopoly extends Game {
/* Implementation of necessary concrete methods */
void initializeGame() {
// ...
}
void makePlay(int player) {
// ...
}
boolean endOfGame() {
// ...
}
void printWinner() {
// ...
}
/* Specific declarations for the Monopoly game. */
// ...
}
class Chess extends Game {
/* Implementation of necessary concrete methods */
void initializeGame() {
// ...
}
void makePlay(int player) {
// ...
}
boolean endOfGame() {
// ...
}
void printWinner() {
// ...
}
/* Specific declarations for the chess game. */
// ...
}
public class Player {
public static void main(String[] args) {
Game chessGame = new Chess();
chessGame.initializeGame();
chessGame.playOneGame(1); //call template method
}
}
补充
- 最常见的模式之一。
