动静分离

概念：将动态访问与静态访问区分
作用：提高用户访问速率，及用户体验
原理

静态：nginx处理

动态：tomcat处理
优点：解决了tomcat处理静态资源效率不高及资源开销问题

单机实战

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n17" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#一.Tomcat端

1.安装

[root@web01 ~]# yum indtall -y java tomcat

2.配置创建站点目录

[root@web01 ~]# mkdir /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/ROOT

3.上传Java代码

[root@web01 ~]# vi /usr/share/tomcat/webapps/ROOT/index.jsp
<%@ page language="java" import="java.util.*" pageEncoding="utf-8"
%>
<html>
<head>
<title>Nginx+Tomcat</title>
</head>
<body>
<%
Random rand = new Random();
out.println("<h2>动态资源</h2>");
out.println(rand.nextInt(99)+100);
%>
<h2>静态图片</h2>
<img src="nginx.png" />
</body>
</html>

4.上传静态图片

[root@web01 ~]# wget 或 rz

5.启动

[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start tomcat

二.nginx

1.安装

2.配置

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dj.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name dj.com;

location / {
proxy_pass http://127.0.0.1:8080;
}

location ~ .(png|jpg|gif|mp4)$ {
root /images;
expires 1d;
}
}

3.启动

[root@web01 ~]# systemctl restart nginx

4.host劫持，浏览网页</pre>

集群实战

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n19" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#1.将单台中动与静的配置中的其中之一随意scp至另一台主机

2.配置负载均衡

[root@web01 ~]# vim /etc/nginx/conf.d/dj.conf
upstream dong {
server 127.16.1.7:8080;
}
uostream jing {
server 127.16.1.8:80;
}
server {
listen 80;
server dj.com

location / {
proxy_pass http://dong;
include proxy_params;
}

location ~ .(png|jpg|jmp|mp4)$ {
proxy_pass http://jing;
include proxy_params;
expires 2d;
}
}

3.启动

[root@web01 ~]# systemctl start nginx

4.host劫持，浏览网页</pre>

Rewrite

基本概念

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n22" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#作用:使用nginx提供的全局变量或自己设置的变量，结合正则表达式和标志实现url重写及重定向

PS：rewrite只能放在server，location，if 中并只能对域名后边出去传递的参数外的字符串起作用；

例如：http://seanlook.com/a/we/index.php?id=1&u=str 只对/a/we/index.php重写。</pre>

语法

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n24" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">rewrite regex replacement [flag]
关键字正则改写内容标记

如果相对域名或参数字符串起作用，可以使用全局变量匹配，也可用proxy_pass反向代理

例如

rewrite ^/(.*) http://www.czlun.com/$1 permanent;</pre>

location 与 rewrite 的区别

相同：都能实现跳转；
不同

rewrite:在同一域名内获取资源路径

location:是对一类路径做控制访问或反向代理，可proxy_pass至其他主机

实战

1.改写url

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n36" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@web01 conf.d]# vim url.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name url.com.cn url.com.en;

location / {
if ( $http_host ~* cn) { set$ language zh;
}

if ( $http_host ~* en) { set$ language en;
}
root /data/$languade;
}
}
server {
listen 80;
server_name url.com;
location / {
root /data;
}
}</pre>

2.根据浏览器语言

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n38" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@web01 conf.d]# vim url.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name url.com;

location / {
if ( $http_accept_languade ~* "en") { set$ language en;
}
if ( $http_accept_language ~* "zh|zh-CN") { set$ language zh;
}
root /data/$language;
}
}</pre>

return

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n40" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">server {
listen 80;
server_name url.com;

location / {
default_type text/html;
if ( $request_uri ~* "a1=34") { return 200 "你真帅"； } if ($ request_uri ~* "est") {
return 302 "https://www.jd.com";
}
}
}</pre>

永久维护

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences md-end-block ty-contain-cm modeLoaded" lang="bash" cid="n43" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: normal; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">server {
listen 80;
server_name url.oldxu.com;
root /data;
rewrite ^(.*) $/wh.png break; set$ language /default;
if ( $http_accept_language ~* zh ) { set$ language /zh;
}
if ( $http_accept_language ~* en ) { set$ language /en;
}
if ( $http_accept_language ~* ja ) { set$ language /jp;
}

rewrite ^/ $\text{[math]}$ language;

location / {
index index.html;
}
}</pre>

临时维护(jd)

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="" cid="n45" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">#error_page 403 404 500 502 /wh.png;

error_page 403 404 500 502 http://$http_host;

error_page 403 404 500 502 @temperror;
location @temperror {
rewrite ^(.*) $http://$ http_host;
}
</pre>

flag

redirect ---302---临时跳转

permanent---301---永久跳转

last---停止当前location，继续匹配下一个location；

break ---终止当前匹配

案例

需求: 用户通过手机设备访问url.oldxu.com，跳转至url.oldxu.com/m

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="bash" cid="n55" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">server {
listen 80;
server_name url.oldxu.com;
root /data;
if ( $http_user_agent ~* "android|iphone|ipad") { rewrite ^/$ /m;
}
}
</pre>

需求: 用户通过手机设备访问url.oldxu.com，跳转至m.oldxu.com

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="bash" cid="n58" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">server {
listen 80;
server_name url.oldxu.com;
root /data;
if ( $http_user_agent ~* "android|iphone|ipad") { rewrite ^/$ http://m.oldxu.com;
}
}

server {
listen 80;
server_name m.oldxu.com;
root /data/m;
location / {
index index.html;
}
}
</pre>

需求: 用户访问oldxu.com/test，跳转至https://xuliangwei.com location-------------------------------------------------------------- location /test { #rewrite ^(.*)$ https://www.xuliangwei.com/; return 302 https://www.xuliangwei.com/; } if ---------------------------------------------------------------------

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="bash" cid="n60" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">server {
listen 80;
server_name url.oldxu.com;
root /data;
if ( $request_uri ~* "^/test") { #rewrite ^(.*)$ https://www.xuliangwei.com/;
return 302 https://www.xuliangwei.com/;
}
location / {
index index.html;
}
}
</pre>

rewrite场景示例

需求: 用户访问course-11-22-33.html实际上真实访问是/course/11/22/33/course_33.html

<pre spellcheck="false" class="md-fences mock-cm md-end-block" lang="bash" cid="n65" mdtype="fences" style="box-sizing: border-box; overflow: visible; font-family: Monaco, Consolas, "Andale Mono", "DejaVu Sans Mono", monospace; margin-top: 0px; margin-bottom: 20px; background: rgb(51, 51, 51); font-size: 0.9rem; display: block; break-inside: avoid; text-align: left; white-space: pre-wrap; position: relative !important; padding: 10px 10px 10px 30px; width: inherit; color: rgb(184, 191, 198); font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: 400; letter-spacing: normal; orphans: 2; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration-style: initial; text-decoration-color: initial;">[root@web01 conf.d]# cat url.oldxu.com.conf
server {
listen 80;
server_name url.oldxu.com;
root /data;
location / {
index index.html;
#用户访问的url #文件真实位置
rewrite ^/(.)-(.)-(.)-(.).html / $1/$ 2/ $3/$ 4/ $1_$ 4.html;
}
}

</pre>

Day-44 Tomcat与Rewrite

Day-44 Tomcat与Rewrite

动静分离

单机实战

1.安装

2.配置创建站点目录

3.上传Java代码

4.上传静态图片

5.启动

二.nginx

1.安装

2.配置

3.启动

4.host劫持，浏览网页</pre>

集群实战

2.配置负载均衡

3.启动

4.host劫持，浏览网页</pre>

Rewrite

基本概念

PS：rewrite只能放在server，location，if 中并只能对域名后边出去传递的参数外的字符串起作用；

例如：http://seanlook.com/a/we/index.php?id=1&u=str 只对/a/we/index.php重写。</pre>

语法

如果相对域名或参数字符串起作用，可以使用全局变量匹配，也可用proxy_pass反向代理

例如

实战

return

永久维护

临时维护(jd)

error_page 403 404 500 502 http://$http_host;

flag

案例

rewrite场景示例

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