变量如下
// 序列化ID
private static final long serialVersionUID = 8683452581122892189L;
// 默认初始化容量
private static final int DEFAULT_CAPACITY = 10;
// 空的数组
private static final Object[] EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
// 默认容量的空数组
private static final Object[] DEFAULTCAPACITY_EMPTY_ELEMENTDATA = {};
// 真正存放对象的数组
transient Object[] elementData;
// 容器的大小
private int size;
由此可见arryList事实上维护的是一个object数组。。
来自父类的变量
// 操作计数
protected transient int modCount = 0;
比较常用的方法
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return <tt>true</tt> (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
ensureCapacityInternal(size + 1); // Increments modCount!!
elementData[size++] = e;
return true;
}
在增加的时候，size为当前个体的数目增加的时候数量+1，在判断容量的时候，如果是空的数组默认的容量是10，然后将size增加 并且将内容维护进数组elementData
gow()方法为实现数组容量增加的核心方法
private void grow(int minCapacity) {
// overflow-conscious code
int oldCapacity = elementData.length; //将扩充前的elementData大小给oldCapacity
int newCapacity = oldCapacity + (oldCapacity >> 1);//newCapacity就是1.5倍的oldCapacity
if (newCapacity - minCapacity < 0)//这句话就是适应于elementData就空数组的时候，length=0，那么oldCapacity=0，newCapacity=0，所以这个判断成立，在这里就是真正的初始化elementData的大小了，就是为10.前面的工作都是准备工作。
newCapacity = minCapacity;
if (newCapacity - MAX_ARRAY_SIZE > 0)//如果newCapacity超过了最大的容量限制，就调用hugeCapacity，也就是将能给的最大值给newCapacity
newCapacity = hugeCapacity(minCapacity);
// minCapacity is usually close to size, so this is a win:
//新的容量大小已经确定好了，就copy数组，改变容量大小咯。
elementData = Arrays.copyOf(elementData, newCapacity);
}
正常情况下会扩容1.5倍，特殊情况下（新扩展数组大小已经达到了最大值）则只取最大值。
根据元素删除
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o == null) {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (elementData[index] == null) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
} else {
for (int index = 0; index < size; index++)
if (o.equals(elementData[index])) {
fastRemove(index);
return true;
}
}
return false;
}
根据下标删除
public E remove(int index) {
rangeCheck(index);
modCount++;
E oldValue = elementData(index);
int numMoved = size - index - 1;
if (numMoved > 0)
System.arraycopy(elementData, index+1, elementData, index,
numMoved);
elementData[--size] = null; // clear to let GC do its work
return oldValue;
}
System.arraycopy这里不知道里面具体实现方式，maybe是移动了其他的数据所以比较慢
1）arrayList可以存放null。
2）arrayList本质上就是一个elementData数组。
3）arrayList区别于数组的地方在于能够自动扩展大小，其中关键的方法就是gorw()方法。
4）arrayList中removeAll(collection c)和clear()的区别就是removeAll可以删除批量指定的元素，而clear是全是删除集合中的元素。
5）arrayList由于本质是数组，所以它在数据的查询方面会很快，而在插入删除这些方面，性能下降很多，有移动很多数据才能达到应有的效果
6）arrayList实现了RandomAccess，所以在遍历它的时候推荐使用for循环。
源码如下
/*
* Copyright (c) 1997, 2013, Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
* ORACLE PROPRIETARY/CONFIDENTIAL. Use is subject to license terms.
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*
*/
package java.util;
import java.util.function.Consumer;
/**
* Doubly-linked list implementation of the {@code List} and {@code Deque}
* interfaces. Implements all optional list operations, and permits all
* elements (including {@code null}).
*
* <p>All of the operations perform as could be expected for a doubly-linked
* list. Operations that index into the list will traverse the list from
* the beginning or the end, whichever is closer to the specified index.
*
* <p><strong>Note that this implementation is not synchronized.
* If multiple threads access a linked list concurrently, and at least
* one of the threads modifies the list structurally, it <i>must</i> be
* synchronized externally. (A structural modification is any operation
* that adds or deletes one or more elements; merely setting the value of
* an element is not a structural modification.) This is typically
* accomplished by synchronizing on some object that naturally
* encapsulates the list.
*
* If no such object exists, the list should be "wrapped" using the
* {@link Collections#synchronizedList Collections.synchronizedList}
* method. This is best done at creation time, to prevent accidental
* unsynchronized access to the list:
* List list = Collections.synchronizedList(new LinkedList(...));
*
* <p>The iterators returned by this class's {@code iterator} and
* {@code listIterator} methods are <i>fail-fast</i>: if the list is
* structurally modified at any time after the iterator is created, in
* any way except through the Iterator's own {@code remove} or
* {@code add} methods, the iterator will throw a {@link
* ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of concurrent
* modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather than
* risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
* time in the future.
*
* <p>Note that the fail-fast behavior of an iterator cannot be guaranteed
* as it is, generally speaking, impossible to make any hard guarantees in the
* presence of unsynchronized concurrent modification. Fail-fast iterators
* throw {@code ConcurrentModificationException} on a best-effort basis.
* Therefore, it would be wrong to write a program that depended on this
* exception for its correctness: <i>the fail-fast behavior of iterators
* should be used only to detect bugs.
*
* <p>This class is a member of the
* <a href="{@docRoot}/../technotes/guides/collections/index.html">
* Java Collections Framework</a>.
*
* @author Josh Bloch
* @see List
* @see ArrayList
* @since 1.2
* @param <E> the type of elements held in this collection
*/
public class LinkedList
extends AbstractSequentialList
implements List, Deque, Cloneable, java.io.Serializable
{
transient int size =0;
/**
* Pointer to first node.
* Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
* (first.prev == null && first.item != null)
*/
transient Nodefirst;
/**
* Pointer to last node.
* Invariant: (first == null && last == null) ||
* (last.next == null && last.item != null)
*/
transient Nodelast;
/**
* Constructs an empty list.
*/
public LinkedList() {
}
/**
* Constructs a list containing the elements of the specified
* collection, in the order they are returned by the collection's
* iterator.
*
* @param c the collection whose elements are to be placed into this list
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*/
public LinkedList(Collection c) {
this();
addAll(c);
}
/**
* Links e as first element.
*/
private void linkFirst(E e) {
final Node f =first;
final Node newNode =new Node<>(null, e, f);
first = newNode;
if (f ==null)
last = newNode;
else
f.prev = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
/**
* Links e as last element.
*/
void linkLast(E e) {
final Node l =last;
final Node newNode =new Node<>(l, e, null);
last = newNode;
if (l ==null)
first = newNode;
else
l.next = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
/**
* Inserts element e before non-null Node succ.
*/
void linkBefore(E e, Node succ) {
// assert succ != null;
final Node pred = succ.prev;
final Node newNode =new Node<>(pred, e, succ);
succ.prev = newNode;
if (pred ==null)
first = newNode;
else
pred.next = newNode;
size++;
modCount++;
}
/**
* Unlinks non-null first node f.
*/
private E unlinkFirst(Node f) {
// assert f == first && f != null;
final E element = f.item;
final Node next = f.next;
f.item =null;
f.next =null; // help GC
first = next;
if (next ==null)
last =null;
else
next.prev =null;
size--;
modCount++;
return element;
}
/**
* Unlinks non-null last node l.
*/
private E unlinkLast(Node l) {
// assert l == last && l != null;
final E element = l.item;
final Node prev = l.prev;
l.item =null;
l.prev =null; // help GC
last = prev;
if (prev ==null)
first =null;
else
prev.next =null;
size--;
modCount++;
return element;
}
/**
* Unlinks non-null node x.
*/
E unlink(Node x) {
// assert x != null;
final E element = x.item;
final Node next = x.next;
final Node prev = x.prev;
if (prev ==null) {
first = next;
}else {
prev.next = next;
x.prev =null;
}
if (next ==null) {
last = prev;
}else {
next.prev = prev;
x.next =null;
}
x.item =null;
size--;
modCount++;
return element;
}
/**
* Returns the first element in this list.
*
* @return the first element in this list
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
*/
public E getFirst() {
final Node f =first;
if (f ==null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return f.item;
}
/**
* Returns the last element in this list.
*
* @return the last element in this list
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
*/
public E getLast() {
final Node l =last;
if (l ==null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return l.item;
}
/**
* Removes and returns the first element from this list.
*
* @return the first element from this list
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
*/
public E removeFirst() {
final Node f =first;
if (f ==null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return unlinkFirst(f);
}
/**
* Removes and returns the last element from this list.
*
* @return the last element from this list
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
*/
public E removeLast() {
final Node l =last;
if (l ==null)
throw new NoSuchElementException();
return unlinkLast(l);
}
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the beginning of this list.
*
* @param e the element to add
*/
public void addFirst(E e) {
linkFirst(e);
}
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #add}.
*
* @param e the element to add
*/
public void addLast(E e) {
linkLast(e);
}
/**
* Returns {@code true} if this list contains the specified element.
* More formally, returns {@code true} if and only if this list contains
* at least one element {@code e} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? e==null : o.equals(e))</tt>.
*
* @param o element whose presence in this list is to be tested
* @return {@code true} if this list contains the specified element
*/
public boolean contains(Object o) {
return indexOf(o) != -1;
}
/**
* Returns the number of elements in this list.
*
* @return the number of elements in this list
*/
public int size() {
return size;
}
/**
* Appends the specified element to the end of this list.
*
* <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addLast}.
*
* @param e element to be appended to this list
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Collection#add})
*/
public boolean add(E e) {
linkLast(e);
return true;
}
/**
* Removes the first occurrence of the specified element from this list,
* if it is present. If this list does not contain the element, it is
* unchanged. More formally, removes the element with the lowest index
* {@code i} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))
* (if such an element exists). Returns {@code true} if this list
* contained the specified element (or equivalently, if this list
* changed as a result of the call).
*
* @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
* @return {@code true} if this list contained the specified element
*/
public boolean remove(Object o) {
if (o ==null) {
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next) {
if (x.item ==null) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}else {
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next) {
if (o.equals(x.item)) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Appends all of the elements in the specified collection to the end of
* this list, in the order that they are returned by the specified
* collection's iterator. The behavior of this operation is undefined if
* the specified collection is modified while the operation is in
* progress. (Note that this will occur if the specified collection is
* this list, and it's nonempty.)
*
* @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
* @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*/
public boolean addAll(Collection c) {
return addAll(size, c);
}
/**
* Inserts all of the elements in the specified collection into this
* list, starting at the specified position. Shifts the element
* currently at that position (if any) and any subsequent elements to
* the right (increases their indices). The new elements will appear
* in the list in the order that they are returned by the
* specified collection's iterator.
*
* @param index index at which to insert the first element
* from the specified collection
* @param c collection containing elements to be added to this list
* @return {@code true} if this list changed as a result of the call
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified collection is null
*/
public boolean addAll(int index, Collection c) {
checkPositionIndex(index);
Object[] a = c.toArray();
int numNew = a.length;
if (numNew ==0)
return false;
Node pred, succ;
if (index ==size) {
succ =null;
pred =last;
}else {
succ = node(index);
pred = succ.prev;
}
for (Object o : a) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")E e = (E) o;
Node newNode =new Node<>(pred, e, null);
if (pred ==null)
first = newNode;
else
pred.next = newNode;
pred = newNode;
}
if (succ ==null) {
last = pred;
}else {
pred.next = succ;
succ.prev = pred;
}
size += numNew;
modCount++;
return true;
}
/**
* Removes all of the elements from this list.
* The list will be empty after this call returns.
*/
public void clear() {
// Clearing all of the links between nodes is "unnecessary", but:
// - helps a generational GC if the discarded nodes inhabit
// more than one generation
// - is sure to free memory even if there is a reachable Iterator
for (Node x =first; x !=null; ) {
Node next = x.next;
x.item =null;
x.next =null;
x.prev =null;
x = next;
}
first =last =null;
size =0;
modCount++;
}
// Positional Access Operations
/**
* Returns the element at the specified position in this list.
*
* @param index index of the element to return
* @return the element at the specified position in this list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E get(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
return node(index).item;
}
/**
* Replaces the element at the specified position in this list with the
* specified element.
*
* @param index index of the element to replace
* @param element element to be stored at the specified position
* @return the element previously at the specified position
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E set(int index, E element) {
checkElementIndex(index);
Node x = node(index);
E oldVal = x.item;
x.item = element;
return oldVal;
}
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the specified position in this list.
* Shifts the element currently at that position (if any) and any
* subsequent elements to the right (adds one to their indices).
*
* @param index index at which the specified element is to be inserted
* @param element element to be inserted
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void add(int index, E element) {
checkPositionIndex(index);
if (index ==size)
linkLast(element);
else
linkBefore(element, node(index));
}
/**
* Removes the element at the specified position in this list. Shifts any
* subsequent elements to the left (subtracts one from their indices).
* Returns the element that was removed from the list.
*
* @param index the index of the element to be removed
* @return the element previously at the specified position
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public E remove(int index) {
checkElementIndex(index);
return unlink(node(index));
}
/**
* Tells if the argument is the index of an existing element.
*/
private boolean isElementIndex(int index) {
return index >=0 && index
}
/**
* Tells if the argument is the index of a valid position for an
* iterator or an add operation.
*/
private boolean isPositionIndex(int index) {
return index >=0 && index <=size;
}
/**
* Constructs an IndexOutOfBoundsException detail message.
* Of the many possible refactorings of the error handling code,
* this "outlining" performs best with both server and client VMs.
*/
private StringoutOfBoundsMsg(int index) {
return "Index: "+index+", Size: "+size;
}
private void checkElementIndex(int index) {
if (!isElementIndex(index))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
private void checkPositionIndex(int index) {
if (!isPositionIndex(index))
throw new IndexOutOfBoundsException(outOfBoundsMsg(index));
}
/**
* Returns the (non-null) Node at the specified element index.
*/
Nodenode(int index) {
// assert isElementIndex(index);
if (index < (size >>1)) {
Node x =first;
for (int i =0; i < index; i++)
x = x.next;
return x;
}else {
Node x =last;
for (int i =size -1; i > index; i--)
x = x.prev;
return x;
}
}
// Search Operations
/**
* Returns the index of the first occurrence of the specified element
* in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.
* More formally, returns the lowest index {@code i} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*
* @param o element to search for
* @return the index of the first occurrence of the specified element in
* this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element
*/
public int indexOf(Object o) {
int index =0;
if (o ==null) {
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next) {
if (x.item ==null)
return index;
index++;
}
}else {
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next) {
if (o.equals(x.item))
return index;
index++;
}
}
return -1;
}
/**
* Returns the index of the last occurrence of the specified element
* in this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element.
* More formally, returns the highest index {@code i} such that
* <tt>(o==null ? get(i)==null : o.equals(get(i)))</tt>,
* or -1 if there is no such index.
*
* @param o element to search for
* @return the index of the last occurrence of the specified element in
* this list, or -1 if this list does not contain the element
*/
public int lastIndexOf(Object o) {
int index =size;
if (o ==null) {
for (Node x =last; x !=null; x = x.prev) {
index--;
if (x.item ==null)
return index;
}
}else {
for (Node x =last; x !=null; x = x.prev) {
index--;
if (o.equals(x.item))
return index;
}
}
return -1;
}
// Queue operations.
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head (first element) of this list.
*
* @return the head of this list, or {@code null} if this list is empty
* @since 1.5
*/
public E peek() {
final Node f =first;
return (f ==null) ?null : f.item;
}
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the head (first element) of this list.
*
* @return the head of this list
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
* @since 1.5
*/
public E element() {
return getFirst();
}
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head (first element) of this list.
*
* @return the head of this list, or {@code null} if this list is empty
* @since 1.5
*/
public E poll() {
final Node f =first;
return (f ==null) ?null : unlinkFirst(f);
}
/**
* Retrieves and removes the head (first element) of this list.
*
* @return the head of this list
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
* @since 1.5
*/
public E remove() {
return removeFirst();
}
/**
* Adds the specified element as the tail (last element) of this list.
*
* @param e the element to add
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Queue#offer})
* @since 1.5
*/
public boolean offer(E e) {
return add(e);
}
// Deque operations
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the front of this list.
*
* @param e the element to insert
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerFirst})
* @since 1.6
*/
public boolean offerFirst(E e) {
addFirst(e);
return true;
}
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the end of this list.
*
* @param e the element to insert
* @return {@code true} (as specified by {@link Deque#offerLast})
* @since 1.6
*/
public boolean offerLast(E e) {
addLast(e);
return true;
}
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the first element of this list,
* or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
*
* @return the first element of this list, or {@code null}
* if this list is empty
* @since 1.6
*/
public E peekFirst() {
final Node f =first;
return (f ==null) ?null : f.item;
}
/**
* Retrieves, but does not remove, the last element of this list,
* or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
*
* @return the last element of this list, or {@code null}
* if this list is empty
* @since 1.6
*/
public E peekLast() {
final Node l =last;
return (l ==null) ?null : l.item;
}
/**
* Retrieves and removes the first element of this list,
* or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
*
* @return the first element of this list, or {@code null} if
* this list is empty
* @since 1.6
*/
public E pollFirst() {
final Node f =first;
return (f ==null) ?null : unlinkFirst(f);
}
/**
* Retrieves and removes the last element of this list,
* or returns {@code null} if this list is empty.
*
* @return the last element of this list, or {@code null} if
* this list is empty
* @since 1.6
*/
public E pollLast() {
final Node l =last;
return (l ==null) ?null : unlinkLast(l);
}
/**
* Pushes an element onto the stack represented by this list. In other
* words, inserts the element at the front of this list.
*
* <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #addFirst}.
*
* @param e the element to push
* @since 1.6
*/
public void push(E e) {
addFirst(e);
}
/**
* Pops an element from the stack represented by this list. In other
* words, removes and returns the first element of this list.
*
* <p>This method is equivalent to {@link #removeFirst()}.
*
* @return the element at the front of this list (which is the top
* of the stack represented by this list)
* @throws NoSuchElementException if this list is empty
* @since 1.6
*/
public E pop() {
return removeFirst();
}
/**
* Removes the first occurrence of the specified element in this
* list (when traversing the list from head to tail). If the list
* does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
*
* @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
* @return {@code true} if the list contained the specified element
* @since 1.6
*/
public boolean removeFirstOccurrence(Object o) {
return remove(o);
}
/**
* Removes the last occurrence of the specified element in this
* list (when traversing the list from head to tail). If the list
* does not contain the element, it is unchanged.
*
* @param o element to be removed from this list, if present
* @return {@code true} if the list contained the specified element
* @since 1.6
*/
public boolean removeLastOccurrence(Object o) {
if (o ==null) {
for (Node x =last; x !=null; x = x.prev) {
if (x.item ==null) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}else {
for (Node x =last; x !=null; x = x.prev) {
if (o.equals(x.item)) {
unlink(x);
return true;
}
}
}
return false;
}
/**
* Returns a list-iterator of the elements in this list (in proper
* sequence), starting at the specified position in the list.
* Obeys the general contract of {@code List.listIterator(int)}.
*
* The list-iterator is <i>fail-fast</i>: if the list is structurally
* modified at any time after the Iterator is created, in any way except
* through the list-iterator's own {@code remove} or {@code add}
* methods, the list-iterator will throw a
* {@code ConcurrentModificationException}. Thus, in the face of
* concurrent modification, the iterator fails quickly and cleanly, rather
* than risking arbitrary, non-deterministic behavior at an undetermined
* time in the future.
*
* @param index index of the first element to be returned from the
* list-iterator (by a call to {@code next})
* @return a ListIterator of the elements in this list (in proper
* sequence), starting at the specified position in the list
* @throws IndexOutOfBoundsException {@inheritDoc}
* @see List#listIterator(int)
*/
public ListIteratorlistIterator(int index) {
checkPositionIndex(index);
return new ListItr(index);
}
private class ListItrimplements ListIterator {
private NodelastReturned;
private Nodenext;
private int nextIndex;
private int expectedModCount =modCount;
ListItr(int index) {
// assert isPositionIndex(index);
next = (index ==size) ?null : node(index);
nextIndex = index;
}
public boolean hasNext() {
return nextIndex
}
public E next() {
checkForComodification();
if (!hasNext())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
lastReturned =next;
next =next.next;
nextIndex++;
return lastReturned.item;
}
public boolean hasPrevious() {
return nextIndex >0;
}
public E previous() {
checkForComodification();
if (!hasPrevious())
throw new NoSuchElementException();
lastReturned =next = (next ==null) ?last :next.prev;
nextIndex--;
return lastReturned.item;
}
public int nextIndex() {
return nextIndex;
}
public int previousIndex() {
return nextIndex -1;
}
public void remove() {
checkForComodification();
if (lastReturned ==null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
Node lastNext =lastReturned.next;
unlink(lastReturned);
if (next ==lastReturned)
next = lastNext;
else
nextIndex--;
lastReturned =null;
expectedModCount++;
}
public void set(E e) {
if (lastReturned ==null)
throw new IllegalStateException();
checkForComodification();
lastReturned.item = e;
}
public void add(E e) {
checkForComodification();
lastReturned =null;
if (next ==null)
linkLast(e);
else
linkBefore(e, next);
nextIndex++;
expectedModCount++;
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer action) {
Objects.requireNonNull(action);
while (modCount ==expectedModCount &&nextIndex
action.accept(next.item);
lastReturned =next;
next =next.next;
nextIndex++;
}
checkForComodification();
}
final void checkForComodification() {
if (modCount !=expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
}
private static class Node {
E item;
Nodenext;
Nodeprev;
Node(Node prev, E element, Node next) {
this.item = element;
this.next = next;
this.prev = prev;
}
}
/**
* @since 1.6
*/
public IteratordescendingIterator() {
return new DescendingIterator();
}
/**
* Adapter to provide descending iterators via ListItr.previous
*/
private class DescendingIteratorimplements Iterator {
private final ListItritr =new ListItr(size());
public boolean hasNext() {
return itr.hasPrevious();
}
public E next() {
return itr.previous();
}
public void remove() {
itr.remove();
}
}
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private LinkedListsuperClone() {
try {
return (LinkedList)super.clone();
}catch (CloneNotSupportedException e) {
throw new InternalError(e);
}
}
/**
* Returns a shallow copy of this {@code LinkedList}. (The elements
* themselves are not cloned.)
*
* @return a shallow copy of this {@code LinkedList} instance
*/
public Objectclone() {
LinkedList clone = superClone();
// Put clone into "virgin" state
clone.first = clone.last =null;
clone.size =0;
clone.modCount =0;
// Initialize clone with our elements
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next)
clone.add(x.item);
return clone;
}
/**
* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list
* in proper sequence (from first to last element).
*
* <p>The returned array will be "safe" in that no references to it are
* maintained by this list. (In other words, this method must allocate
* a new array). The caller is thus free to modify the returned array.
*
* <p>This method acts as bridge between array-based and collection-based
* APIs.
*
* @return an array containing all of the elements in this list
* in proper sequence
*/
public Object[]toArray() {
Object[] result =new Object[size];
int i =0;
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next)
result[i++] = x.item;
return result;
}
/**
* Returns an array containing all of the elements in this list in
* proper sequence (from first to last element); the runtime type of
* the returned array is that of the specified array. If the list fits
* in the specified array, it is returned therein. Otherwise, a new
* array is allocated with the runtime type of the specified array and
* the size of this list.
*
* <p>If the list fits in the specified array with room to spare (i.e.,
* the array has more elements than the list), the element in the array
* immediately following the end of the list is set to {@code null}.
* (This is useful in determining the length of the list <i>only</i> if
* the caller knows that the list does not contain any null elements.)
*
* <p>Like the {@link #toArray()} method, this method acts as bridge between
* array-based and collection-based APIs. Further, this method allows
* precise control over the runtime type of the output array, and may,
* under certain circumstances, be used to save allocation costs.
*
* <p>Suppose {@code x} is a list known to contain only strings.
* The following code can be used to dump the list into a newly
* allocated array of {@code String}:
*
*
* String[] y = x.toArray(new String[0]);
*
* Note that {@code toArray(new Object[0])} is identical in function to
* {@code toArray()}.
*
* @param a the array into which the elements of the list are to
* be stored, if it is big enough; otherwise, a new array of the
* same runtime type is allocated for this purpose.
* @return an array containing the elements of the list
* @throws ArrayStoreException if the runtime type of the specified array
* is not a supertype of the runtime type of every element in
* this list
* @throws NullPointerException if the specified array is null
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
public T[]toArray(T[] a) {
if (a.length
a = (T[])java.lang.reflect.Array.newInstance(
a.getClass().getComponentType(), size);
int i =0;
Object[] result = a;
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next)
result[i++] = x.item;
if (a.length >size)
a[size] =null;
return a;
}
private static final long serialVersionUID =876323262645176354L;
/**
* Saves the state of this {@code LinkedList} instance to a stream
* (that is, serializes it).
*
* @serialData The size of the list (the number of elements it
* contains) is emitted (int), followed by all of its
* elements (each an Object) in the proper order.
*/
private void writeObject(java.io.ObjectOutputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException {
// Write out any hidden serialization magic
s.defaultWriteObject();
// Write out size
s.writeInt(size);
// Write out all elements in the proper order.
for (Node x =first; x !=null; x = x.next)
s.writeObject(x.item);
}
/**
* Reconstitutes this {@code LinkedList} instance from a stream
* (that is, deserializes it).
*/
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
private void readObject(java.io.ObjectInputStream s)
throws java.io.IOException, ClassNotFoundException {
// Read in any hidden serialization magic
s.defaultReadObject();
// Read in size
int size = s.readInt();
// Read in all elements in the proper order.
for (int i =0; i < size; i++)
linkLast((E)s.readObject());
}
/**
* Creates a <em><a href="Spliterator.html#binding">late-binding
* and <em>fail-fast</em> {@link Spliterator} over the elements in this
* list.
*
* <p>The {@code Spliterator} reports {@link Spliterator#SIZED} and
* {@link Spliterator#ORDERED}. Overriding implementations should document
* the reporting of additional characteristic values.
*
* @implNote
* The {@code Spliterator} additionally reports {@link Spliterator#SUBSIZED}
* and implements {@code trySplit} to permit limited parallelism..
*
* @return a {@code Spliterator} over the elements in this list
* @since 1.8
*/
@Override
public Spliteratorspliterator() {
return new LLSpliterator(this, -1, 0);
}
/** A customized variant of Spliterators.IteratorSpliterator */
static final class LLSpliteratorimplements Spliterator {
static final int BATCH_UNIT =1 <<10; // batch array size increment
static final int MAX_BATCH =1 <<25; // max batch array size;
final LinkedListlist; // null OK unless traversed
Nodecurrent; // current node; null until initialized
int est; // size estimate; -1 until first needed
int expectedModCount; // initialized when est set
int batch; // batch size for splits
LLSpliterator(LinkedList list, int est, int expectedModCount) {
this.list = list;
this.est = est;
this.expectedModCount = expectedModCount;
}
final int getEst() {
int s; // force initialization
final LinkedList lst;
if ((s =est) <0) {
if ((lst =list) ==null)
s =est =0;
else {
expectedModCount = lst.modCount;
current = lst.first;
s =est = lst.size;
}
}
return s;
}
public long estimateSize() {return (long) getEst(); }
public SpliteratortrySplit() {
Node p;
int s = getEst();
if (s >1 && (p =current) !=null) {
int n =batch +BATCH_UNIT;
if (n > s)
n = s;
if (n >MAX_BATCH)
n =MAX_BATCH;
Object[] a =new Object[n];
int j =0;
do { a[j++] = p.item; }while ((p = p.next) !=null && j < n);
current = p;
batch = j;
est = s - j;
return Spliterators.spliterator(a, 0, j, Spliterator.ORDERED);
}
return null;
}
public void forEachRemaining(Consumer action) {
Node p; int n;
if (action ==null)throw new NullPointerException();
if ((n = getEst()) >0 && (p =current) !=null) {
current =null;
est =0;
do {
E e = p.item;
p = p.next;
action.accept(e);
}while (p !=null && --n >0);
}
if (list.modCount !=expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
}
public boolean tryAdvance(Consumer action) {
Node p;
if (action ==null)throw new NullPointerException();
if (getEst() >0 && (p =current) !=null) {
--est;
E e = p.item;
current = p.next;
action.accept(e);
if (list.modCount !=expectedModCount)
throw new ConcurrentModificationException();
return true;
}
return false;
}
public int characteristics() {
return Spliterator.ORDERED | Spliterator.SIZED | Spliterator.SUBSIZED;
}
}
}
