什么是HAR文件
HTTP Archive format又称HAR文件，是用来记录浏览器加载网页时所消耗的时间的工具。它可以记录每一个HTTP请求发出直到收到完整的HTTP响应中间所耗费的时间，可以迅速帮助我们知道是哪些HTTP请求没有得到及时的回复，从而进行更一步的排查.
怎么获取HAR文件
- 使用Google浏览器开发者工具获取
- 使用抓包工具Charles Proxy导出HAR文件
- 其他工具导出
1.使用Google浏览器导出HAR
以https://postman-echo.com/get?test=123为例,我们使用Google浏览器F12(开发者工具导出HAR)
-
使用浏览器打开上面的网址,然后按F12打开浏览器的开发者工具:image.png
-
点击网络(Network),选择下面的全部(All),就可找到当前的请求信息,如果没法发现,请刷新页面,请求就会出现在列表中image.png
-
右击目标请求,选择全部另存为HAR3.png
2.使用Charles Proxy导出HAR
例如，下面的图片显示了 postman-echo.com 的邮件表单数据。
c1.png
然后我们可以选择捕获的 request & response 并将会话导出到 HTTP 归档(. har)文件。
c2.png
c3.png
使用内建命令 har2case 将其转换为 HttpRunner testcase
使用 har2case -h查看命令用法
$ har2case -h
usage: har2case har2case [-h] [-2y] [-2j] [--filter FILTER]
[--exclude EXCLUDE]
[har_source_file]
positional arguments: (关键参数)
har_source_file Specify HAR source file(指定HAR源文件,就是我们刚刚导出的HAR文件)
optional arguments:(可选参数)
-h, --help show this help message and exit
-2y, --to-yml, --to-yaml
Convert to YAML format, if not specified, convert to
pytest format by default.
-2j, --to-json Convert to JSON format, if not specified, convert to
pytest format by default.
--filter FILTER Specify filter keyword, only url include filter string
will be converted.
--exclude EXCLUDE Specify exclude keyword, url that includes exclude
string will be ignored, multiple keywords can be
joined with '|'
生成测试用例testcase(pytest)
$ har2case har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:08:01.187 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:332 - Start to generate testcase from har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:08:01.187 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:_make_testcase:323 - Extract info from HAR file and prepare for testcase.
2020-06-15 15:08:01.191 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:130 - Loading environment variables from /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/.env
2020-06-15 15:08:01.191 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2020-06-15 15:08:01.191 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2020-06-15 15:08:01.193 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:310 - start to make testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:08:01.193 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:383 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
2020-06-15 15:08:01.194 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:147 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file reformatted.
2020-06-15 15:08:01.469 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:353 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
har2case har/postman-echo-post-form.har har/postman-echo-post-form.har 是源文件的绝对路径,windows和linux的稍有不同,请注意**
++====异常情况====++
- httprunner.exceptions.ParamsError: failed to convert absolute path to relative path based on project_meta.RootDir
$ har2case C:/Users/82419/Desktop/httprunner/yapi-add_cat.har
2021-04-13 14:08:22.843 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:356 - Start to generate testcase from C:\Users\82419\Desktop\httprunner\yapi-add_cat.har
2021-04-13 14:08:22.846 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:_make_testcase:347 - Extract info from HAR file and prepare for testcase.
2021-04-13 14:08:22.850 | INFO | httprunner.compat:ensure_testcase_v3:219 - ensure compatibility with testcase format v2
2021-04-13 14:08:22.854 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:127 - Loading environment variables from C:\httprunner\yapi\.env
2021-04-13 14:08:22.856 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2021-04-13 14:08:22.857 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:33 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2021-04-13 14:08:22.860 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:349 - start to make testcase: C:\Users\82419\Desktop\httprunner\yapi-add_cat.har
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\runpy.py", line 194, in _run_module_as_main
return _run_code(code, main_globals, None,
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\runpy.py", line 87, in _run_code
exec(code, run_globals)
File "C:\ProgramData\Miniconda3\Scripts\har2case.exe\__main__.py", line 7, in <module>
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\cli.py", line 159, in main_har2case_alias
main()
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\cli.py", line 121, in main
main_har2case(args)
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\ext\har2case\__init__.py", line 63, in main_har2case
HarParser(har_source_file, args.filter, args.exclude).gen_testcase(output_file_type)
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\ext\har2case\core.py", line 374, in gen_testcase
output_testcase_file = make_testcase(testcase)
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\make.py", line 351, in make_testcase
testcase_python_abs_path, testcase_cls_name = convert_testcase_path(
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\make.py", line 157, in convert_testcase_path
testcase_new_path = ensure_file_abs_path_valid(testcase_abs_path)
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\make.py", line 117, in ensure_file_abs_path_valid
raw_file_relative_name = convert_relative_project_root_dir(raw_abs_file_name)
File "c:\programdata\miniconda3\lib\site-packages\httprunner\loader.py", line 447, in convert_relative_project_root_dir
raise exceptions.ParamsError(
httprunner.exceptions.ParamsError: failed to convert absolute path to relative path based on project_meta.RootDir
abs_path: C:\Users\82419\Desktop\httprunner\yapi-add_cat
project_meta.RootDir: C:\httprunner\yapi
Sentry is attempting to send 1 pending error messages
Waiting up to 2 seconds
Press Ctrl-Break to quit
解决方法:
将生成的HAR文件移动到刚刚创建的脚手架项目中的har目录,再次执行命令
生成的 pytest 文件是一个标准的 Python 文件，如下所示。
# NOTE: Generated By HttpRunner v3.0.12
# FROM: har/postman-echo-post-form.har
from httprunner import HttpRunner, Config, Step, RunRequest, RunTestCase
class TestCasePostmanEchoPostForm(HttpRunner):
config = Config("testcase description").verify(False)
teststeps = [
Step(
RunRequest("/get")
.get("https://postman-echo.com/get")
.with_params(**{"foo1": "bar1", "foo2": "bar2"})
.with_headers(
**{
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "6606343b-10e5-4165-a89f-6c301b762ce0",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU",
}
)
.with_cookies(
**{
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
}
)
.validate()
.assert_equal("status_code", 200)
.assert_equal('headers."Content-Type"', "application/json; charset=utf-8")
.assert_equal(
"body.url", "https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar1&foo2=bar2"
)
),
Step(
RunRequest("/post")
.post("https://postman-echo.com/post")
.with_headers(
**{
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "3e408e9d-25ca-4b31-b04b-7f4898a8cd49",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Content-Length": "19",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU",
}
)
.with_cookies(
**{
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
}
)
.with_data({"foo1": "bar1", "foo2": "bar2"})
.validate()
.assert_equal("status_code", 200)
.assert_equal('headers."Content-Type"', "application/json; charset=utf-8")
.assert_equal("body.data", "")
.assert_equal("body.url", "https://postman-echo.com/post")
),
]
if __name__ == "__main__":
TestCasePostmanEchoPostForm().test_start()
并且可以使用 hrun 命令或本机 pytest 命令运行它。事实上，hrun 只是 pytest 的包装，因此效果基本上是相同的。
$ hrun har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
2020-06-15 15:23:03.502 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:130 - Loading environment variables from /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/.env
2020-06-15 15:23:03.502 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2020-06-15 15:23:03.502 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2020-06-15 15:23:03.503 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:147 - format pytest cases with black ...
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file left unchanged.
2020-06-15 15:23:03.662 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.0.12
====================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo
plugins: metadata-1.9.0, allure-pytest-2.8.16, html-2.1.1
collected 1 item
har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py . [100%]
======================================================================= 1 passed in 2.60s =======================================================================
当然，您也可以生成以前的 YAML/JSON testcase 格式，只需将 -2y/-- to-yml 或 -2j/-- to-JSON 参数添加到 har2case 即可。
$ har2case har/postman-echo-post-form.har -2j
2020-06-15 15:32:02.955 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:332 - Start to generate testcase from har/postman-echo-post-form.har
2020-06-15 15:32:02.955 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:_make_testcase:323 - Extract info from HAR file and prepare for testcase.
2020-06-15 15:32:02.958 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.utils:dump_json:122 - dump testcase to JSON format.
2020-06-15 15:32:02.959 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.utils:dump_json:131 - Generate JSON testcase successfully: har/postman-echo-post-form.json
2020-06-15 15:32:02.959 | INFO | httprunner.ext.har2case.core:gen_testcase:353 - generated testcase: har/postman-echo-post-form.json
{
"config": {
"name": "testcase description",
"variables": {},
"verify": false
},
"teststeps": [
{
"name": "/get",
"request": {
"url": "https://postman-echo.com/get",
"params": {
"foo1": "bar1",
"foo2": "bar2"
},
"method": "GET",
"cookies": {
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
},
"headers": {
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "6606343b-10e5-4165-a89f-6c301b762ce0",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
}
},
"validate": [
{
"eq": [
"status_code",
200
]
},
{
"eq": [
"headers.Content-Type",
"application/json; charset=utf-8"
]
},
{
"eq": [
"body.url",
"https://postman-echo.com/get?foo1=bar1&foo2=bar2"
]
}
]
},
{
"name": "/post",
"request": {
"url": "https://postman-echo.com/post",
"method": "POST",
"cookies": {
"sails.sid": "s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
},
"headers": {
"User-Agent": "PostmanRuntime/7.24.1",
"Accept": "*/*",
"Cache-Control": "no-cache",
"Postman-Token": "3e408e9d-25ca-4b31-b04b-7f4898a8cd49",
"Host": "postman-echo.com",
"Accept-Encoding": "gzip, deflate, br",
"Connection": "keep-alive",
"Content-Type": "application/x-www-form-urlencoded",
"Content-Length": "19",
"Cookie": "sails.sid=s%3AQG_EVeNRw8k1xxZ6v_SG401VTpmJDSRu.fTAGx3JnZUT7S0c2%2FrD9cxUhQemIsm78nifYZYHpPCU"
},
"data": {
"foo1": "bar1",
"foo2": "bar2"
}
},
"validate": [
{
"eq": [
"status_code",
200
]
},
{
"eq": [
"headers.Content-Type",
"application/json; charset=utf-8"
]
},
{
"eq": [
"body.data",
""
]
},
{
"eq": [
"body.url",
"https://postman-echo.com/post"
]
}
]
}
]
}
YAML/JSON 测试用例与 pytest 测试用例具有相同的信息，您可以使用 hrun 命令运行 YAML/JSON 测试用例。
$ hrun har/postman-echo-post-form.json
2020-06-15 15:37:15.621 | INFO | httprunner.loader:load_dot_env_file:130 - Loading environment variables from /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/.env
2020-06-15 15:37:15.622 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: USERNAME
2020-06-15 15:37:15.622 | DEBUG | httprunner.utils:set_os_environ:32 - Set OS environment variable: PASSWORD
2020-06-15 15:37:15.623 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:310 - start to make testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman-echo-post-form.json
2020-06-15 15:37:15.625 | INFO | httprunner.make:make_testcase:383 - generated testcase: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
2020-06-15 15:37:15.625 | INFO | httprunner.make:format_pytest_with_black:147 - format pytest cases with black ...
reformatted /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo/har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py
All done! ✨ 🍰 ✨
1 file reformatted, 1 file left unchanged.
2020-06-15 15:37:15.962 | INFO | httprunner.cli:main_run:56 - start to run tests with pytest. HttpRunner version: 3.0.12
====================================================================== test session starts ======================================================================
platform darwin -- Python 3.7.5, pytest-5.4.2, py-1.8.1, pluggy-0.13.1
rootdir: /Users/debugtalk/Desktop/demo
plugins: metadata-1.9.0, allure-pytest-2.8.16, html-2.1.1
collected 1 item
har/postman_echo_post_form_test.py . [100%]
======================================================================= 1 passed in 2.03s =======================================================================
