docker-compose.yml配置

version: '3'

services:
  mysql:
    image: mysql:latest
    container_name: mysql
    restart: always
    environment:
      MYSQL_ROOT_PASSWORD: "123456"
    ports:
      - 3306:3306
    volumes:
      - ./datas:/var/lib/mysql:rw
      - ./conf/my.cnf:/etc/my.cnf:rw
      - ./init:/docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/:ro
    command: 
      --default-authentication-plugin=mysql_native_password #这行代码解决无法访问的问题

my.cnf配置

[mysqld]
user=mysql
default-storage-engine=INNODB
character-set-server=utf8
[client]
default-character-set=utf8
[mysql]
default-character-set=utf8

配置init.sql(服务创建时自动执行)

use mysql;
ALTER USER 'root'@'%' IDENTIFIED WITH mysql_native_password BY 'password';
FLUSH PRIVILEGES;