为什么BlockingQueue适合作为进行线程间安全的数据共享的通道?而高性能队列例如:ConcurrentLinkedQueue不适合呢?
- 关键在于Blocking上面,即阻塞:
- 当队列为空:进行取操作的线程,会被阻塞(相比循环监测,更省资源),并且当队列中有元素后,线程会被自动唤醒。
- 当队列满时:和上面类似。
BlockingQueue作为接口,有一系列满足不同需求的实现类,下面以容量固定的ArrayBlockingQueue为例,进行源码分析,看看为什么这么神奇。
主要体现在take()和put()方法上。
take():可以看到,当队列为空的时候,线程会进行等待,下面还有一个重要的dequeue()方法。
public E take() throws InterruptedException {
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == 0)
notEmpty.await();
return dequeue();
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* Extracts element at current take position, advances, and signals.
* Call only when holding lock.
*/
private E dequeue() {
// assert lock.getHoldCount() == 1;
// assert items[takeIndex] != null;
final Object[] items = this.items;
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
E x = (E) items[takeIndex];
items[takeIndex] = null;
if (++takeIndex == items.length)
takeIndex = 0;
count--;
if (itrs != null)
itrs.elementDequeued();
notFull.signal();
return x;
}
在dequeue()方法中,一旦有元素取出,就会通知等待在notFull上面的线程,让他们继续工作。
- put()方法类似,不再赘述。。。
/**
* Inserts the specified element at the tail of this queue, waiting
* for space to become available if the queue is full.
*
* @throws InterruptedException {@inheritDoc}
* @throws NullPointerException {@inheritDoc}
*/
public void put(E e) throws InterruptedException {
checkNotNull(e);
final ReentrantLock lock = this.lock;
lock.lockInterruptibly();
try {
while (count == items.length)
notFull.await();
enqueue(e);
} finally {
lock.unlock();
}
}
/**
* Inserts element at current put position, advances, and signals.
* Call only when holding lock.
*/
private void enqueue(E x) {
// assert lock.getHoldCount() == 1;
// assert items[putIndex] == null;
final Object[] items = this.items;
items[putIndex] = x;
if (++putIndex == items.length)
putIndex = 0;
count++;
notEmpty.signal();
}