剧本扩展功能

①在剧本中设置变量信息
②在剧本中设置注册信息 执行剧本时,可以显示输出命令结果信息
③在剧本中设置判断信息
④在剧本中设置循环信息
⑤在剧本中设置错误忽略
⑥在剧本中设置标签信息
⑦在剧本中设置触发信息
⑧在剧本中进行剧本整合

准备yaml原始文件

[root@m01 /etc/ansible/ansible-playbook]$ cat rsync_server.yaml
- hosts: 172.16.1.41
  tasks:
    - name: 01-install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    - name: 02-push conf file
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/server_file/rsync_server/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/
    - name: 03-create user
      #user: name=rsync create_home=no shell=/sbin/nologin
      shell: useradd rsync -M -s /sbin/nologin
    - name: 04-create backup dir
      file: path=/backup state=directory owner=rsync group=rsync
    - name: 05-create password file
      copy: content=rsync_backup:oldboy123 dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600
    - name: 06-start rsync server_file/rsync_server/rsyncd
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes

- hosts: 172.16.1.31,172.16.1.7
  tasks:
    - name: 01-install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    - name: 02-create password file
      copy: content=oldboy123 dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600
    - name: 03-create test file
      file: dest=/tmp/test.txt state=touch
    - name: 04-check test
      shell: rsync -avz /tmp/test.txt rsync_backup@172.16.1.41::backup --password-file=/etc/rsync.password

①在剧本中设置变量信息

第一种变量:直接在剧本中配置(键值对的形式),在需要引用的地方引用,

配置格式
vars:
backupdir: /backup
passfile: rsync.password

引用格式
path={{ backupdir }}

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第二种变量:在命令行中进行配置

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第三种变量:在主机清单文件编写

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三种方式的优先级: 若同时设置了三种变量,优先级如何?
最优先: 命令行变量设置
次优先: 剧本中变量设置
最后: 主机清单变量设置

②在剧本中设置注册信息

- hosts: oldboy
  tasks:
    - name: check server port
      shell: netstat -lntup   -->查询端口信息
      register: get_server_port  #查询结果会返回,存到注册的参数get_server_port中

借助debug模块,显示注册的参数信息

- name: display port info
debug: msg={{ get_server_port.stdout_lines }}

完整代码:

- hosts: rsync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 01-install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    #- name: 02-push conf file    
    #  copy: src=/etc/ansible/server_file/rsync_server/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/
    - name: 03-create user
      user: name=rsync createhome=no shell=/sbin/nologin
    - name: 04-create backup dir
      file: path=/backup state=directory owner=rsync group=rsync
    - name: 05-create password file
      copy: content=rsync_backup:oldboy123 dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600
    - name: 06-start rsync server
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
    - name: 07-check server port info
      shell: netstat -lntup | grep 873    -->查询端口信息
      register: get_server_port  -->注册变量
    - name: display port info
      debug: msg={{ get_server_port.stdout_lines }} -->输出注册变量的值

③在剧本中设置判断信息

设置判断条件:
(ansible_hostname == "nfs") -->当主机名为nfs执行命令

- hosts: oldboy
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
     - name: Check File
       file: path=/tmp/this_is_{{ ansible_hostname }}_file state=touch
       when: (ansible_hostname == "nfs") or (ansible_hostname == "backup")
 
     - name: install httpd
       yum: name=httpd state=installed
       when: (系统情况 == "CentOS")
 
     - name: install httpd2
       yum: name=httpd2 state=installed
       when: (系统情况 == "ubuntu")

判断需要借助setup模块

setup模块可用于显示被管理主机系统的详细信息

查看主机清单中的 相关主机以及主机组的详细信息
ansible rsync_server -m setup

setup 只过滤子项信息(子项过滤仅在剧本中使用,才有效果)
比如只过滤关于eth0的ipv4信息
ansible_eth0[ipv4]

获取内置变量的方法
ansible web -m setup -a "filter=ansible_hostname"

[root@m01 /etc/ansible]$ ansible web -m setup -a "filter=ansible_hostname"
172.16.1.7 | SUCCESS => {
    "ansible_facts": {
        "ansible_hostname": "web01", 
        "discovered_interpreter_python": "/usr/bin/python"
    }, 
    "changed": false
}
[root@m01 /etc/ansible]$  

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判断剧本编写
(ansible_hostname == "nfs01") -->当主机名为nfs01执行该模块
(ansible_hostname == "web01") -->当主机名为web01执行该模块

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执行判断剧本

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④在剧本中设置循环信息(对于有多个步骤,执行同一模块的情况)

循环格式

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剧本代码

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- hosts: rsync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 01-install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    - name: 02-push conf file & password file
      #copy: src=/etc/ansible/server_file/rsync_server/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/ mode=644
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/server_file/rsync_server/{{ item.src }} dest={{ item.dest }} mode={{ item.mode }}                      #循环变量的设置
      with_items:                                #循环变量的声明
        - { src: 'rsyncd.conf',dest: '/etc/',mode: '644' }                #第一次循环使用的参数
        - { src: 'rsync.password',dest: '/etc/',mode: '600' }     #第二次循环使用的参数
    - name: 03-create user
      user: name=rsync createhome=no shell=/sbin/nologin
    - name: 04-create backup dir
      file: path=/backup state=directory owner=rsync group=rsync
    - name: 05-start rsync server
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
 

ansible可识别的两种编写格式

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所以有2种循环体的格式

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⑤在剧本中设置错误忽略(ignore_errors: yes)

默认playbook会检查命令和模块的返回状态，如遇到错误就中断playbook的执行
加入ignore_errors: yes可以忽略错误,让剩下的步骤继续执行

模拟错误编写,ignore忽略错误,让剩下的步骤继续执行

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⑥在剧本中设置标签信息(tags:xxx)

标签功能
在剧本中设置标签,然后只执行这一个标签的步骤,或者跳过指定的标签

指定执行标签： ansible-playbook --tags=t2 test.yaml
指定跳过标签： ansible-playbook --skip-tags=t2 test.yaml

- hosts: oldboy
ignore_errors: yes
remote_user: root
  tasks:
    - name: Check File
      file: path=/tmp/this_is_{{ ansible_hostname }}_file state=touch
      when: (ansible_hostname == "nfs01") or (ansible_hostname == "backup")
      tags: t1

    - name: bad thing
      command: ech 123
      #ignore_errors: yes
      tags: t2

    - name: install httpd
      yum: name=httpd state=installed
      when: (ansible_all_ipv4_addresses == ["172.16.1.7","10.0.0.7"])
      tags: t3

    - name: install httpd2
      yum: name=httpd2 state=installed
      when: (ansible_distribution == "ubuntu")
      tags: t4

⑦在剧本中设置触发信息

触发通知notify
notify: restart rsync server
接收通知 handlers

- hosts: rsync_server
  tasks:
    - name: 01-Install rsync
      yum: name=rsync state=installed
    - name: 02-push config file
      copy: src=/etc/ansible/server_file/rsync_server/rsyncd.conf dest=/etc/
      notify: restart rsync server      #设定notify通知
    - name: 03-create user
      shell: useradd rsync -M -s /sbin/nologin
    - name: 04-create backup dir
      file: path=/backup state=directory owner=rsync group=rsync
    - name: 05-create password file
      copy: content=rsync_backup:oldboy123 dest=/etc/rsync.password mode=600
    - name: 06-start rsync server
      service: name=rsyncd state=started enabled=yes
  handlers:
    - name: restart rsync server
      service: name=rsyncd state=restarted 

⑧在剧本中进行剧本整合

创立一个新的剧本,用于执行多个剧本

方式一：include_tasks: f1.yml

• hosts: all
  remote_user: root
  tasks:
• include_tasks: f1.yml
• include_tasks: f2.yml

方式二：include: f1.yml

• include：f1.yml
• include：f2.yml

方式三( 常用的)：- import_playbook:
[root@m01 ansible-playbook]# cat main.yml

• import_playbook: base.yml
• import_playbook: rsync.yml
• import_playbook: nfs.yml
• import_playbook: oxxx.yml
• import_playbook: rsync.yml
• import_playbook: nfs.yml