Exercise and a certain amount of strenuous physical activity are important for maintaining good health. However, before engaging in them,it's important to know how to prevent injuries from occurring, especially for athletes and elderly people. Injuries can be minimized by doing a proper warm up.This consists of increasing your heart rate and the blood flow to all parts of your body. A good way to do this is through a series of static stretches followed by a series of dynamic stretches, which are done while moving.
strenuous 英[ˈstrenjuəs]美[ˈstrenjuəs] adj.费力的; 繁重的; 艰苦的; 劲头十足的; 奋力的; 顽强的;
engage 英[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ]美[ɪnˈɡeɪdʒ] v.从事; 聘用; 吸引住(注意力、兴趣); 雇用; 与…建立密切关系; 尽力理解; 与（某人）交战; （使）衔接，啮合;
minimize 英[ˈmɪnɪmaɪz]美[ˈmɪnɪmaɪz] vt.减少; 降低; 使减少到最低限度; 贬低; 使显得不重要; (尤指在计算机屏幕上)使最小化;
proper 英[ˈprɒpə(r)]美[ˈprɑːpər] adj.适当的; 正确的; 恰当的; 符合规则的; 真正的; 像样的; 名副其实的; 符合习俗(或体统)的; 正当的; 规矩的; 严格意义上的; 完全的; 独具的; n.[宗教][常用P-]特定节日等用的仪式; 弥撒（祈祷、礼仪等）书的章节; 特赞; adv.非常; 好好地; 完完全全地; 彻底地;
consist of 包括; 由…组成（构成）;
consist 英[kənˈsɪst]美[kənˈsɪst] v.包括; 在于; 由…组成; 由…构成; 存在于;
static stretch 静态拉伸;
dynamic stretch 动态拉伸;
static 英[ˈstætɪk]美[ˈstætɪk] adj.静止的; 静态的; 停滞的; 静力的; n.静电; 静力学; 天电(干扰); 抨击;
stretch 英[stretʃ]美[stretʃ] v.伸展; 拉长; 拽宽; 撑大; 抻松; 有弹性(或弹力); 拉紧; 拉直; 绷紧; 伸出，伸长（胳膊、腿）; 延伸; 延续; 足够买（或支付）; （大量地）使用，消耗; 使竭尽所能; 滥用; n.一片; 一泓; 一段; (连续的)一段时间; 服刑期; 伸展; 弹性; （终点）直道; adj.有弹力的;
dynamic 英[daɪˈnæmɪk]美[daɪˈnæmɪk] n.动态; 动力; 动力学; (人或事物)相互作用的方式; 力学; 力度; adj.动态的; 动力的; 充满活力的; 精力充沛的; 个性强的; 发展变化的; 力的;
Using the proper equipment is essential, especially in contact sports. To protect the head, for example, well-designed helmets can greatly reduce the incidence of concussions. Concussions are caused when the soft, jello-like brain slams into the hard human skull.Research shows that repeated concussions can have serious consequences.
essential 英[ɪˈsenʃl]美[ɪˈsenʃl] adj.本质的; 必不可少的; 完全必要的; 极其重要的; 基本的; 根本的; n.必不可少的东西; 必需品; 要点; 要素; 实质;
contact sports 接触性运动;
well-designed adj.设计得很好的；构思甚佳的;
helmet 英[ˈhelmɪt]美[ˈhelmɪt] n.头盔; 防护帽;
concussion 英[kənˈkʌʃn]美[kənˈkʌʃn] n.脑震荡;
jello 美[ˈdʒɛloʊ] n.凝胶物;
slam 英[slæm]美[slæm] v.(使…)砰地关上; 用力一放，砰地放下; 使劲一推; 猛劲一摔; 苛刻指摘; <主美口>轻易贏过，轻易胜过; 风风火火地进行; 闯，冲，奋力行进; 猛烈抨击; 跳碰撞舞; n.猛关(或推、摔、撞等); 猛摔(或撞等)的声音; <美口>猛烈的抨击，谩骂; <主美>听众任评委诗歌朗诵赛; adv.以砰的一声; <方>分明地，全然;
skull 英[skʌl]美[skʌl] n.颅骨; 头(盖)骨; 脑袋; 脑子; 脑瓜;
Compression sportswear is another way to reduce the risk of injury, especially muscle injuries.More and more athletes are using them because their use can also speedup muscle recovery when an injury occurs. Another contributing factor in sports injuries is fatigue.Doctors believe that fatigue is an important warning sign that the body has reached its limit. When fatigued it is more difficult for the body to protect itself.
compression 英[kəmˈprɛʃən]美[kəmˈprɛʃən] n.压缩；浓缩，压迫，加压；压力；紧缩；密集; 简练; 压缩元件，压缩波;
contributing factor 促成因素
fatigue 英[fəˈtiːɡ]美[fəˈtiːɡ] n.劳累; 厌倦; (金属或木材的)疲劳; （士兵穿的）工作服; 士兵杂役; v.使疲乏; 使劳累; 使（肌肉，器官）衰竭; adj.令人身心交瘁的；劳心劳力的;
Therefore it's a good idea to stop an activity at the first sign of fatigue. Rest periods, even for professional athletes, can prevent serious injuries from occurring. Understanding Injuries and the body's reaction to them can help people cope with the problems that accompany physical exercise. The support and understanding of coaches, teammates and family can be a critical factor in prevention and recovery. Once an injury occurs, it's too late to prevent it, and recovery can take a long time.For the elderly, a simple fall can be fatal.
professional 英[prəˈfeʃənl]美[prəˈfeʃənl] adj.职业的; 专业的; 有职业的; 娴熟的; 训练有素的; 精通业务的; 职业上的; 职业性的; n.专门人员; 专业人士; 专家; 职业运动员; (从事某活动的)专业人员; 内行; 专门人才; 技术精湛者; 老练的人;
cope with 对付…;
coach 英 [kəʊtʃ] 美 [koʊtʃ] n.(体育运动的)教练;私人教师，(多指)考前辅导教师;人生教练， 生涯顾问（受雇帮助他人实现人生和工作目标）;长途汽车，长途客车;火车车厢;（旧时载客的）四轮大马车;（客机的）经济舱;（火车的）普通旅客车厢;(汽车拖的)活动房屋，起居挂车;(体育队的)教练，领队;<棒>跑垒指挥员
vt.(对体育运动、工作或技能进行)训练，培养，指导;辅导(尤指为让学员参加考试);当教练(或指导等);指示;特殊指导，专门传授;用马车(或客车等)载运;乘马车(或客车等);向…提供专业意见以实现个人目标
critical 英[ˈkrɪtɪkl]美[ˈkrɪtɪkl] adj.关键的; 批评的; 批判性的; 挑剔的; 极重要的; 至关紧要的; 严重的; 不稳定的; 可能有危险的; 有判断力的; 根据评论家的评论;
fatal 英[ˈfeɪtl]美[ˈfeɪtl] adj.致命的; 灾难性的; 毁灭性的; 导致失败的;
