Lesson 78 The last one?
After reading an article entitled 'Cigarette Smoking and Your Health' I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times!
1. entitle
Use the verb entitle to mean "give a right to." At some schools, being a senior might entitle students to go out for lunch on Fridays.
The most common use of entitle is the one you might see on a coupon, like one for a free ride at the state fair that entitles the holder to one free ride on the Octopus of Terror. When you entitle someone, you give them a claim to something, like when you entitle someone the best goalie in Canada, or make someone a member of the noble class, like when the Queen entitles, or gives a title to, a worthy person.
■to give someone the right to do or have something给予（某人…）的权利；使符合资格
•Being unemployed entitles you to free medical treatment.失业时，你有权享受免费医疗。
•[+to infinitive] The employer is entitled to ask for references.雇主有权索取推荐信。
UK [ɪn'taɪ.tl] US[-tˌl] verb transitive
GIVE TITLE起名字
■to give a title to a book, film, etc给…命名，给…题名
•Her latest novel,entitled'The Forgotten Sex', is out this week.她名为《被遗忘的性别》的最新小说将于本周出版。
2. I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves.
Just saying the word calm reminds you of how it feels to be calm — steady, at rest, not agitated, chilled out, caaaaalllmmmm. Waters without waves? People without drama? Sounds calm.
Some synonyms of the adjective calm are peaceful and even-tempered. As a verb, it describes making someone steady and still — in other words, calm. Taking a walk or calling a friend might help you calm down when you are upset. As a noun, calm is a state of peace or stillness — the calm of your neighborhood at daybreak or the calm you seek when you exercise.
A nerve is a group of fibers that send sensation or physical feeling to the brain. Back pain can sometimes be caused by a damaged or pinched nerve.
Your body depends on your nerves for sensing pain, heat, and cold — not to mention making it possible for you to move your muscles. You can also use the word nerve to mean bravery or daring: "She didn't know if she'd have the nerve to skydive when she was finally up in the plane." In the 1500s, to nerve was "to ornament with threads." All of these come from a Latin root, nervus, "sinew, tendon, cord, or bowstring."
3. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite.
symptom:
A symptom is the result or byproduct of something else—specifically, the result we use to prove that that other thing exists. Simple example: a cough is a symptom of a cold. We know we have a cold because we have the symptom, a cough.
Don't confuse the symptom with the cause. Even when the symptom is worse than the cause, don't be tempted to confuse them. Fever, sneezing, achiness: all of these are symptom of a cold. But they are not the cold. They are symptoms of it. Relationship experts argue over whether "cheating” is the cause of unhappiness or the symptom. In other words, do people think about breaking up because of cheating, or do they cheat because they're thinking about breaking up.
Temper can refer to a tendency to become unreasonably angry. If you’re not sure whether you have a temper, ask your friends — but don’t get mad if you dislike what they have to say.
Temper has a number of related yet distinct meanings. In addition to describing a tendency to anger, temper can also refer to one’s mood in general; if you use the word in this sense, you might describe someone's temper as "angry" or "mild." Temper can also be used as a verb meaning “to restrain.” If you have a nasty temper, you might try tempering your temper by counting to ten whenever you’re tempted to throw a "temper tantrum," or fit.
»She broke the plates in a fit of temper.
她一气之下把盘子摔碎了。
»After an hour of waiting,tempers began to fray (= people began to get angry).
等了一个小时后,大伙儿开始冒火了。
a violent, short, quick temper 裂性子，急性子，火性子
to fly into temper勃然大怒
be in a temper发脾气
»good- / bad-tempered
脾气好/坏
»a sweet-tempered child
性情温和的小孩
【IDIOMS】
lose / keep your'temper (with sb)
• to fail / manage to control your anger
•发脾气；忍住怒火:
»She lost her temper with a customer and shouted at him.
她对一位顾客发了脾气,冲着人家大喊大叫。
»I struggle to keep my temper with the kids when they misbehave.
孩子们淘气时,我强捺住性子不发脾气。
If you've filled your plate three times, you must have a strong appetite. I hope you still have room for dessert.
The Latin word appetitus, meaning "desire for," is the root for appetite. If you have worked up an appetite, you have a desire for food. If you've lost your appetite, you're not hungry at all (maybe because something upset you). You can have an appetite for things other than food. Perhaps you have an appetite for power, or funny movies, or for little silver shoes with buttons on them.
4. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear.
urge
If you have an urge to eat candy, you really want to eat those sweets. Your mother might urge you to wait until after dinner. As a noun, urge means a desire. As a verb, it means to strongly encourage.
Urge is related to the word, urgent, or 'pressing.' An urge is a pressing want, one that is almost a compulsion, like when you're so frustrated, you have the urge to scream. If you urge someone to do something, you feel strongly about it. You might urge a friend to wear an orange shirt not because you happen to like orange, but because they're walking in the woods during hunting season.
音标
L consonant
Light L: comes before vowel or diphthong in a syllable
Light L的两种发音方式：
1. lift the tongue so the tip is touching the roof of the mouth, just behind the front teeth
2. (looks like the "th") the tongue tip is touching the bottom of the top front teeth, the contact with the teeth is more firm than the TH sound, push up on the top teeth, the tongue is not as loose or relaxed in the L as it is in the TH.
Dark L: comes after vowel or diphthong in a syllable
two-part sound
(but many Americans leave out the second part in most cases.)
part 1: dark sound ----is the most important
the tongue is down, touching the back of the bottom front teeth, the back part of the tongue towards the front
there isn't much jaw drop and the lips are relaxed.
feel the vibration in the throat, not the face.
the back part of the tongue presses down, or shifts back
part 2: finish (Light L)
bring your tongue tip up to the roof of the mouth, or through the teeth
Dark L: keep lips relaxed so the sound can be made in the back of the mouth
练习感悟：
快12点还在做笔记的自己，需要检讨下。
Light L and Dark L复习好啦。。。发Dark L的时候，嘴巴还不够放松，要注意~~~~
答应自己的事情要做到。
第九期听写居然已经一个月了，时间飞逝。
睡前刷刷手机，居然看到了score，记录一下，想起来不对，是听写时候看到的，anyway～～
