AsyncTask源码分析:
AsyncTask是一种轻量级的异步任务类,它是一个泛型抽象类,提供了Params, Progress, Result这三个泛型参数:其中Params表示参数的类型,Progress表示后台任务的执行进度的类型,而Result则表示后台任务的返回结果的类型.
AsyncTask提供了四个核心方法:
1.onPreExecute(),在主线程中执行,在异步任务执行之前,此方法会被调用,一般可以用于做些准备工作。
2.doInBackground(Params... params),抽象方法,在线程池中执行,此方法用于执行异步任务。
3.onProgressUpdate(Progress... values),在主线程中执行,当后台任务的执行进度发生改变时此方法会被调用。
4.onPostExecute(Result result),在主线程中执行,在异步任务执行之后,此方法会被调用,其中result参数是后台任务的返回值,即doInBackground的返回值。
AsyncTask默认是串行执行任务,当然我们也可以通过AsyncTask的executeOnExecutor方法来并行地执行任务。
AsyncTask的工作原理:
我们从它的execute方法开始分析,
(1)execute方法会调用executeOnExecutor方法,实现代码如下:
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> execute(Params... params) {
return executeOnExecutor(sDefaultExecutor, params);
}```
```java
public final AsyncTask<Params, Progress, Result> executeOnExecutor(Executor exec,
Params... params) {
if (mStatus != Status.PENDING) {
switch (mStatus) {
case RUNNING:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task is already running.");
case FINISHED:
throw new IllegalStateException("Cannot execute task:"
+ " the task has already been executed "
+ "(a task can be executed only once)");
}
}
mStatus = Status.RUNNING;
onPreExecute();
mWorker.mParams = params;
exec.execute(mFuture);
return this;
}```
(2) 我们看到传了一个sDefaultExecutor参数,那sDefaultExecutor是什么呢,接着看,
```java
public static final Executor SERIAL_EXECUTOR = new SerialExecutor();
private static volatile Executor sDefaultExecutor = SERIAL_EXECUTOR;
private static class SerialExecutor implements Executor {
final ArrayDeque<Runnable> mTasks = new ArrayDeque<Runnable>();
Runnable mActive;
public synchronized void execute(final Runnable r) {
mTasks.offer(new Runnable() {
public void run() {
try {
r.run();
} finally {
scheduleNext();
}
}
});
if (mActive == null) {
scheduleNext();
}
}
protected synchronized void scheduleNext() {
if ((mActive = mTasks.poll()) != null) {
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR.execute(mActive);
}
}
}
public static final Executor THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR;
static {
ThreadPoolExecutor threadPoolExecutor = new ThreadPoolExecutor(
CORE_POOL_SIZE, MAXIMUM_POOL_SIZE, KEEP_ALIVE_SECONDS, TimeUnit.SECONDS,
sPoolWorkQueue, sThreadFactory);
threadPoolExecutor.allowCoreThreadTimeOut(true);
THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR = threadPoolExecutor;
}```
SerialExecutor实际上就是一个Executor,它保证了Runnable的串行执行。
当执行SerialExecutor的execute(final Runnable r)方法时,会把一个Runnable加入到mTasks队列尾部,第一次执行时,mActive为null,紧接着就调用scheduleNext(),scheduleNext方法会从mTasks取出第一个Runnable,在THREAD_POOL_EXECUTOR中执行,此Runnable执行后会再次执行scheduleNext()方法,以此来实现Runnable的串行执行。
(3) 在executeOnExecutor中 ,判断当前AsyncTask的状态,如果还没被执行,则将其状态置为Status.RUNNING,紧接着调用onPreExecute()方法,否则当该AsyncTask正在运行或已完成则抛出异常。
接着往下看,我们看到了两个变量mWorker,mFuture。其实,mWorker是一个Callable,而mFuture则是一个RunnableFuture,它们都是在AsyncTask的构造函数中被初始化的。当执行exec.execute(mFuture)方法时,会调用mFuture.run(),在mFuture的run()方法中调用了mWorker.call()
(4)接下来我们看看doInBackground和onPostExecute是何时被调用的,代码如下
```java
mWorker = new WorkerRunnable<Params, Result>() {
public Result call() throws Exception {
mTaskInvoked.set(true);
Result result = null;
try {
Process.setThreadPriority(Process.THREAD_PRIORITY_BACKGROUND);
//noinspection unchecked
result = doInBackground(mParams);
Binder.flushPendingCommands();
} catch (Throwable tr) {
mCancelled.set(true);
throw tr;
} finally {
postResult(result);
}
return result;
}
};```
mWorker在执行call()方法时,会将mTaskInvoked标记为true,表示这个task已经被调用,紧接着会调用doInBackground(mParams)方法,并最终调用postResult(result)方法。
(5) 那postResult方法又是做什么的呢,接着看代码
```java
private Result postResult(Result result) {
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
Message message = getHandler().obtainMessage(MESSAGE_POST_RESULT,
new AsyncTaskResult<Result>(this, result));
message.sendToTarget();
return result;
}```
postResult的主要作用是向Hanlder发送MESSAGE_POST_RESULT类型消息,那Handler是如何处理的呢,接着往下看
```java
private static class InternalHandler extends Handler {
public InternalHandler() {
super(Looper.getMainLooper());
}
@SuppressWarnings({"unchecked", "RawUseOfParameterizedType"})
@Override
public void handleMessage(Message msg) {
AsyncTaskResult<?> result = (AsyncTaskResult<?>) msg.obj;
switch (msg.what) {
case MESSAGE_POST_RESULT:
// There is only one result
result.mTask.finish(result.mData[0]);
break;
case MESSAGE_POST_PROGRESS:
result.mTask.onProgressUpdate(result.mData);
break;
}
}
}```
Handler收到MESSAGE_POST_RESULT类型的消息后,会调用自己的finish()方法,接着看代码
```java
private void finish(Result result) {
if (isCancelled()) {
onCancelled(result);
} else {
onPostExecute(result);
}
mStatus = Status.FINISHED;
}
可以看到如果改AysncTask没有被取消的话,就会调用 onPostExecute(result)方法,否则调用 onCancelled(result),最后将AysncTask的状态置为Status.FINISHED。
(6) 当mWorker.call()执行完之后,会调用mFuture.done()方法
mFuture = new FutureTask<Result>(mWorker) {
@Override
protected void done() {
try {
postResultIfNotInvoked(get());
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
android.util.Log.w(LOG_TAG, e);
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
throw new RuntimeException("An error occurred while executing doInBackground()",
e.getCause());
} catch (CancellationException e) {
postResultIfNotInvoked(null);
}
}
};
postResultIfNotInvoked(get())会被执行
private void postResultIfNotInvoked(Result result) {
final boolean wasTaskInvoked = mTaskInvoked.get();
if (!wasTaskInvoked) {
postResult(result);
}
}
postResultIfNotInvoked方法主要是判断,如果这个AysncTask还未被执行,则调用postResult()来最终执行onPostExecute(Result result)方法