【Python入门】pip基础用法

学习文章

1. pip下载安装

1.1 pip下载

wget "https://pypi.python.org/packages/source/p/pip/pip-1.5.4.tar.gz#md5=834b2904f92d46aaa333267fb1c922bb" --no-check-certificate

我当时用的easy_install,因为我一开始想用 homebrew, homebrew 提醒我可以用 easy_install

brew info pip
Homebrew provides pip via: *brew install python*. However you will then
have two Pythons installed on your Mac, so alternatively you can:
    sudo easy_install pip
sudo easy_install pip

1.2 pip 安装

tar -xzvf pip-1.5.4.tar.gz
 cd pip-1.5.4
 python setup.py install

注:Python分为2.x和3.x,这两个版本目前都有人用,所以,Mac上两个版本共存应该是明智之举.系统自带2.x,我们安装3.x.怎么区分这两个版本呢?想调用python 2.x,用python,调用pip用pip,而调用python 3.x,用python3,pip则用pip3,以此区分.

2. pip使用详解

2.1 pip 安装包

pip install SomePackage
  [...]
  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.2 pip查看已安装的包

pip show --files SomePackage
Name: SomePackage
Version: 1.0
Location: /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages
Files:
 ../somepackage/__init__.py
 [...]

2.3 pip检查哪些包需要更新

pip list --outdated
SomePackage (Current: 1.0 Latest: 2.0)

2.4 pip升级包

 pip install --upgrade SomePackage
  [...]
  Found existing installation: SomePackage 1.0
  Uninstalling SomePackage:
    Successfully uninstalled SomePackage
  Running setup.py install for SomePackage
  Successfully installed SomePackage

2.5 pip卸载包

pip uninstall SomePackage
  Uninstalling SomePackage:
    /my/env/lib/pythonx.x/site-packages/somepackage
  Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled SomePackage

3. pip使用实例

3.1 安装 redis

pip install redis

3.2 卸载 redis

 pip uninstall redis
Uninstalling redis:
  /usr/lib/python2.6/site-packages/redis-2.9.1-py2.6.egg-info
.....省略一些内容....
Proceed (y/n)? y
  Successfully uninstalled redis

3.3 查看待更新包

pip list --outdate
pygpgme (Current: 0.1 Latest: 0.3)
pycurl (Current: 7.19.0 Latest: 7.19.3.1)
iniparse (Current: 0.3.1 Latest: 0.4)

4. 常见错误

4.1 ImportError No module named setuptools
请参考ImportError No module named setuptools解决

5. pip参数解释

pip --help
Usage:   
  pip <command> [options]
Commands:
  install                     安装包.
  uninstall                   卸载包.
  freeze                      按着一定格式输出已安装包列表
  list                        列出已安装包.
  show                        显示包详细信息.
  search                      搜索包，类似yum里的search.
  wheel                       Build wheels from your requirements.
  zip                         不推荐. Zip individual packages.
  unzip                       不推荐. Unzip individual packages.
  bundle                      不推荐. Create pybundles.
  help                        当前帮助.
General Options:
  -h, --help                  显示帮助.
  -v, --verbose               更多的输出，最多可以使用3次
  -V, --version               现实版本信息然后退出.
  -q, --quiet                 最少的输出.
  --log-file <path>           覆盖的方式记录verbose错误日志，默认文件：/root/.pip/pip.log
  --log <path>                不覆盖记录verbose输出的日志.
  --proxy <proxy>             Specify a proxy in the form [user:passwd@]proxy.server:port.
  --timeout <sec>             连接超时时间 (默认15秒).
  --exists-action <action>    Default action when a path already exists: (s)witch, (i)gnore, (w)ipe, (b)ackup.
  --cert <path>               证书.