在Ferora35中安装oracle-database-xe-21c

安装准备文件

使用root用户，来安装oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm

[root@fedora Downloads]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
警告：oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ad986da3: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
        compat-openssl10 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64 需要
        ksh 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64 需要
        libnsl 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64 需要
        smartmontools 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64 需要
        sysstat 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64 需要
        xorg-x11-utils 被 oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64 需要

提示缺少了各种库，然后一个一个去安装他。安装这些库有两个办法。
1、如果这些库使用dnf可以找到并安装，那就比较方便
2、如果这些库在dnf中找不到，从 https://pkgs.org/ 搜索并下载，然后使用sftp将文件传输到fedora中，然后并安装。如果安装这些库的时候，会提示库找不见，那就参照这两个办法，使用递归的方式去安装他们。

[root@fedora Downloads]# rpm -ivh compat-openssl10-1.0.2o-4.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@fedora Downloads]# rpm -ivh xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64.rpm
警告：xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID 8483c65d: NOKEY
错误：依赖检测失败：
        libXxf86dga.so.1()(64bit) 被 xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64 需要
        libXxf86misc.so.1()(64bit) 被 xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64 需要
        libdmx.so.1()(64bit) 被 xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64 需要
[root@fedora Downloads]# dnf install -y libXxf86dga libXxf86misc libdmx
[root@fedora Downloads]# rpm -ivh xorg-x11-utils-7.5-28.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@fedora Downloads]# dnf install -y ksh
[root@fedora Downloads]# dnf install -y libnsl
[root@fedora Downloads]# dnf install -y smartmontools
[root@fedora Downloads]# dnf install -y sysstat

运气还不错，很快就安装完了。

安装数据库软件

下面才是真正安装oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm和oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm

[root@fedora Downloads]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-preinstall-21c-1.0-1.el8.x86_64.rpm
[root@fedora Downloads]# rpm -ivh oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm
警告：oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1.ol8.x86_64.rpm: 头V3 RSA/SHA256 Signature, 密钥 ID ad986da3: NOKEY
Verifying...                          ################################# [100%]
准备中...                          ################################# [100%]
正在升级/安装...
   1:oracle-database-xe-21c-1.0-1     ################################# [100%]
[INFO] Executing post installation scripts...
[INFO] Oracle home installed successfully and ready to be configured.
To configure Oracle Database XE, optionally modify the parameters in '/etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-21c.conf' and then execute '/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c configure' as root.
[root@fedora Downloads]#

创建数据库

根据上述提示，修改 /etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-21c.conf 的内容，设置端口号为1521

以下是执行“/etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c configure”的提示
设置的密码为 baby1234

[root@fedora Downloads]# /etc/init.d/oracle-xe-21c configure
Specify a password to be used for database accounts. Oracle recommends that the password entered should be at least 8 characters in length, contain at least 1 uppercase character, 1 lower case character and 1 digit [0-9]. Note that the same password will be used for SYS, SYSTEM and PDBADMIN accounts:
Confirm the password:
Configuring Oracle Listener.
Listener configuration succeeded.
Configuring Oracle Database XE.
输入 SYS 用户口令:
*********
输入 SYSTEM 用户口令:
********
输入 PDBADMIN 用户口令:
********
准备执行数据库操作
已完成 7%
复制数据库文件
已完成 29%
正在创建并启动 Oracle 实例
已完成 30%
已完成 33%
已完成 37%
已完成 40%
已完成 43%
正在进行数据库创建
已完成 47%
已完成 50%
正在创建插接式数据库
已完成 54%
已完成 71%
执行配置后操作
已完成 93%
正在运行定制脚本
已完成 100%
数据库创建完成。有关详细信息, 请查看以下位置的日志文件:
 /opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE。
数据库信息:
全局数据库名:XE
系统标识符 (SID):XE
有关详细信息, 请参阅日志文件 "/opt/oracle/cfgtoollogs/dbca/XE/XE.log"。

Connect to Oracle Database using one of the connect strings:
     Pluggable database: fedora/XEPDB1
     Multitenant container database: fedora
Use https://localhost:5500/em to access Oracle Enterprise Manager for Oracle Database XE

此时，oracle数据库服务器已经在运行了。
[root@fedora Downloads]# ps -ef | grep oracle

设置oracle的环境变量

更新一下文件系统数据库，便于找文件

[root@fedora Downloads]# updatedb
[root@fedora Downloads]# su - oracle
[oracle@fedora ~]$ locate tnsnames.ora
/opt/oracle/homes/OraDBHome21cXE/network/admin/tnsnames.ora
/opt/oracle/product/21c/dbhomeXE/hs/admin/tnsnames.ora.sample
/opt/oracle/product/21c/dbhomeXE/inventory/Templates/hs/admin/tnsnames.ora.sample
/opt/oracle/product/21c/dbhomeXE/network/admin/samples/tnsnames.ora

确定第一个是真正的tns配置文件。

[oracle@fedora dbhomeXE]$ vi ~/.bash_profile

export ORACLE_BASE=/opt/oracle
export ORACLE_HOME=$ORACLE_BASE/product/21c/dbhomeXE
ORACLE_SID=XE; export ORACLE_SID
export TNS_ADMIN=$ORACLE_BASE/homes/OraDBHome21cXE/network/admin
LD_LIBRARY_PATH=$ORACLE_HOME/lib:/lib:/usr/lib; export LD_LIBRARY_PATH
CLASSPATH=$ORACLE_HOME/jlib:$ORACLE_HOME/rdbms/jlib; export CLASSPATH

export PATH=${PATH}:$ORACLE_HOME/bin


[oracle@fedora dbhomeXE]$ . ~/.bash_profile

验证登录数据库

[oracle@fedora ~]$ sqlplus system/baby1234@xe
[oracle@fedora ~]$ sqlplus sys/baby1234@xe as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jul 29 11:10:45 2022
Version 21.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


???:
Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0

SQL> exit
? Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0 ??
[oracle@fedora ~]$

关闭数据库和监听服务

[oracle@fedora ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jul 29 11:13:39 2022
Version 21.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.


???:
Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0

SQL> shutdown immediate
????????
????????
ORACLE ???????
SQL> exit
? Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0 ??
[oracle@fedora ~]$ lsnrctl stop

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on 29-JUL-2022 11:14:01

Copyright (c) 1991, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fedora)(PORT=1521)))
The command completed successfully
[oracle@fedora ~]$

启动数据库和监听服务

此时，如果重启操作系统，oracle数据库服务器是不会随机启动的。

[oracle@fedora ~]$ sqlplus / as sysdba

SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on Fri Jul 29 11:17:44 2022
Version 21.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Connected to an idle instance.

SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
SQL> exit

[oracle@fedora ~]$ lsnrctl start

LSNRCTL for Linux: Version 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on 29-JUL-2022 11:19:29

Copyright (c) 1991, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

Starting /opt/oracle/product/21c/dbhomeXE/bin/tnslsnr: please wait...

TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
System parameter file is /opt/oracle/homes/OraDBHome21cXE/network/admin/listener.ora
Log messages written to /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fedora/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fedora)(PORT=1521)))
Listening on: (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))

Connecting to (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=TCP)(HOST=fedora)(PORT=1521)))
STATUS of the LISTENER
------------------------
Alias                     LISTENER
Version                   TNSLSNR for Linux: Version 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Start Date                29-JUL-2022 11:19:30
Uptime                    0 days 0 hr. 0 min. 0 sec
Trace Level               off
Security                  ON: Local OS Authentication
SNMP                      OFF
Default Service           XE
Listener Parameter File   /opt/oracle/homes/OraDBHome21cXE/network/admin/listener.ora
Listener Log File         /opt/oracle/diag/tnslsnr/fedora/listener/alert/log.xml
Listening Endpoints Summary...
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=tcp)(HOST=fedora)(PORT=1521)))
  (DESCRIPTION=(ADDRESS=(PROTOCOL=ipc)(KEY=EXTPROC1521)))
The listener supports no services
The command completed successfully
[oracle@fedora ~]$ sqlplus system/baby1234@XE


SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
----------
29-7? -22

SQL> exit

解决显示结果的乱码问题

登录数据库，查询字符集

SQL> select userenv('language') from dual;

USERENV('LANGUAGE')
----------------------------------------------------
SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF

该字符集的设置在“/etc/sysconfig/oracle-xe-21c.conf”中有配置。

修改操作系统的NLS_LANG的字符集配置

[oracle@fedora ~]$ export NLS_LANG="SIMPLIFIED CHINESE_CHINA.AL32UTF8"

验证字符集的显示结果

[oracle@fedora ~]$ sqlplus system/baby1234@XE

SQL*Plus: Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production on 星期五 7月 29 11:30:45 2022
Version 21.3.0.0.0

Copyright (c) 1982, 2021, Oracle.  All rights reserved.

上次成功登录时间: 星期五 7月  29 2022 11:26:52 +08:00

连接到:
Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0

SQL> select sysdate from dual;

SYSDATE
--------------
29-7月 -22

SQL> exit
从 Oracle Database 21c Express Edition Release 21.0.0.0.0 - Production
Version 21.3.0.0.0 断开
[oracle@fedora ~]$

可以把上面的字符集设置，写入$HOME/.bash_profile中。