CHAPTER 10 How to Write the Introduction (How to write and publish a scientific paper, 2016)
在研究尚未完成的中途就开始论文的写作是一个明智之举。
It is wise to begin writing the paper while the work is still in progress.
引言中应当提供相关研究的基本逻辑。
The introduction should also provide the rationale for the present study.
引言部分应当包含以下5个部分：1. 清晰呈现相关研究领域的概貌，界定问题的大边界。2. 综述相关的过往研究，指出哪些是已知的，哪些是未知的空白；3. 澄清待研究的具体问题或相关的假说；4. 指明所用的研究方法，及选择该方法的原因；5. 简要陈述研究所得的主要结果和结论。
(1) The introduction should present first, with all possible clarity, the nature and scope of the problem investigated. For example, it should indicate why the overall subject area of the research is important. (2) It should briefly review the pertinent literature to orient the reader. It also should identify the gap in the literature that the current research was intended to address. (3) It should then make clear the objective of the research. In some disciplines or journals, it is customary to state here the hypotheses or research questions that the study addressed. In others, the objective may be signaled by wording such as “in order to determine.” (4) It should state the method of the investigation. If deemed necessary, the reasons for the choice of a particular method should be briefly stated. (5) Finally, in some disciplines and journals, the standard practice is to end the introduction by stating the principal results of the investigation and the principal conclusions suggested by the results.
引言部分呈现一种漏斗形结构，从开局的宽而广的大问题逐渐收缩至一个窄而细的具体问题。
An introduction that is structured in this way has a “funnel” shape, moving from broad and general to narrow and specific. Such an introduction can comfortably funnel readers into reading about the details of your research.
