一、点击事件涉及到哪些?
- touchBegan
- uicontrol
- gestureRecognizer
二、点击事件如何传递和响应?
- 传递链
- 响应链
- hitTest/pointInside
三、结合以上原理处理的问题和应用
iOS中的事件可以分为3大类型:
- 触屏事件(例如点击按钮、通过手势缩放图片、拖动上下滚动页面等)
- 传感器事件(例如摇一摇红包、通过旋转设备控制赛车方向、指南针等)
- 远程控制事件(例如耳机的线控、外接手柄、遥控器等)
UITouch/UIEvent
点击事件都是基于触屏事件,执行以下代码看看。
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
print(touches)
print(event)
}
我单手指点击了1次屏幕,得到以下结果。
[<UITouch: 0x12edb0120>
phase: Began
tap count: 1
window: <UIWindow: 0x12ed28ad0;
frame = (0 0; 375 667);
autoresize = W+H;
gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x12ed29bc0>;
layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x12ed25c90>>
view: <UIView: 0x12ed9b0e0;
frame = (0 0; 375 667);
autoresize = W+H;
layer = <CALayer: 0x12ed9a260>>
location in window: {128, 505}
previous location in window: {128, 505}
location in view: {128, 505}
previous location in view: {128, 505}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x12ee08a30>
timestamp: 351596
touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x12edb0120>
phase: Began
tap count: 1
window: <UIWindow: 0x12ed28ad0;
frame = (0 0; 375 667);
autoresize = W+H;
gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x12ed29bc0>;
layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x12ed25c90>>
view: <UIView: 0x12ed9b0e0;
frame = (0 0; 375 667);
autoresize = W+H;
layer = <CALayer: 0x12ed9a260>>
location in window: {128, 505}
previous location in window: {128, 505}
location in view: {128, 505}
previous location in view: {128, 505}
)})
UITouch的Set中的这个UITouch包含了
- phase
- tap count
- window
- view
- location in window(this/previous)
- location in view(this/previous)
这边的UIEvent是自己的子类UITouchesEvent,这边UIEvent包含的属性看起来其实就是UITouch。既然是完全包含关系,为什么要有两个参数呢?
于是我两个手指同时点击屏幕了1次,得到以下结果。
[<UITouch: 0x14c54aea0> phase: Began
tap count: 1
window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0;
frame = (0 0; 375 667);
autoresize = W+H;
gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>;
layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>>
view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0;
frame = (0 0; 375 667);
autoresize = W+H;
layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>>
location in window: {62.5, 444.5}
previous location in window: {62.5, 444.5}
location in view: {62.5, 444.5}
previous location in view: {62.5, 444.5}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x14c60c8b0> timestamp: 352692 touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x14c54aea0> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {62.5, 444.5} previous location in window: {62.5, 444.5} location in view: {62.5, 444.5} previous location in view: {62.5, 444.5},
<UITouch: 0x14c5948d0> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: (null) location in window: {256, 545.5} previous location in window: {256, 545.5} location in view: {256, 545.5} previous location in view: {256, 545.5}
)})
UITouchedEvent我就不展开了,这边看到里面是有两个UITouch,所以1个手指点击1次屏幕是一个UITouch。
那我快速点击屏幕两次。
[<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {182, 504} previous location in window: {182, 504} location in view: {182, 504} previous location in view: {182, 504}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x14c60c8b0> timestamp: 352928 touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {182, 504} previous location in window: {182, 504} location in view: {182, 504} previous location in view: {182, 504}
)})
[<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 2 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {182.5, 504.5} previous location in window: {182.5, 504.5} location in view: {182.5, 504.5} previous location in view: {182.5, 504.5}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x14c60c8b0> timestamp: 352928 touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 2 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {182.5, 504.5} previous location in window: {182.5, 504.5} location in view: {182.5, 504.5} previous location in view: {182.5, 504.5}
)})
看到这边第二次的时候,tap count是2
我慢速点击屏幕2次,结果如下:
[<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {182.5, 480} previous location in window: {182.5, 480} location in view: {182.5, 480} previous location in view: {182.5, 480}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x14c60c8b0> timestamp: 353057 touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {182.5, 480} previous location in window: {182.5, 480} location in view: {182.5, 480} previous location in view: {182.5, 480}
)})
[<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {186, 493.5} previous location in window: {186, 493.5} location in view: {186, 493.5} previous location in view: {186, 493.5}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x14c60c8b0> timestamp: 353058 touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x14c54b140> phase: Began tap count: 1 window: <UIWindow: 0x14c52bee0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x14c63aa50>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x14c639560>> view: <UIView: 0x14c52e5b0; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x14c52dba0>> location in window: {186, 493.5} previous location in window: {186, 493.5} location in view: {186, 493.5} previous location in view: {186, 493.5}
)})
两次Tap count都是1,所以连续点击的时候,时间间隔是一个重要标志。某一个时间段内,会作为count为2次,而过了这个时间段,都变成独立的点击了。所以联想到了tapgesture numberoftaps,应该也是基于这个机制。
这里有个小发现,iOS10及以上在UITouch里面多了Force属性,即压力传感器。当然屏幕压力force属性,在touchBegan和touchEnded是0,只有TouchMove的时候才有值,最大值是6.667,最小是0
[<UITouch: 0x7fb339e07e30> phase: Moved
tap count: 1
force: 6.667
window: <UIWindow: 0x7fb339d05570; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x61800004fe40>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x6180000321c0>> view: <UIView: 0x7fb339d01380; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x618000032700>> location in window: {221.5, 449.5} previous location in window: {221.5, 449.5} location in view: {221.5, 449.5} previous location in view: {221.5, 449.5}]
Optional(<UITouchesEvent: 0x6180000e2580> timestamp: 51618.7 touches: {(
<UITouch: 0x7fb339e07e30> phase: Moved tap count: 1 force: 6.667 window: <UIWindow: 0x7fb339d05570; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; gestureRecognizers = <NSArray: 0x61800004fe40>; layer = <UIWindowLayer: 0x6180000321c0>> view: <UIView: 0x7fb339d01380; frame = (0 0; 375 667); autoresize = W+H; layer = <CALayer: 0x618000032700>> location in window: {221.5, 449.5} previous location in window: {221.5, 449.5} location in view: {221.5, 449.5} previous location in view: {221.5, 449.5}
)})
而location的精度是0.5pt。这里关于iOS系统版本对UITouch支持,大家可以看一下UITouch在UIKit中的接口,就是Control+Command+点击进去看看。
Gesture recognizer和UIKit的一些控件如UIButton等都是基于UITouch/UIEvent和Began/Moved/Ended/Cancelled。
iOS处理触屏事件,触屏事件分为两种方式:
高级事件处理:利用UIKit提供的各种用户控件或者手势识别器来处理事件。
低级事件处理:在UIView的子类中重写触屏回调方法,直接处理触屏事件。
如果想监听一个view上面的触摸事件,之前的做法是:
(1)自定义一个view。
(2)实现view的touches方法,在方法内部实现具体处理代码。
通过touches方法监听view触摸事件,有很明显的几个缺点:
(1)必须得自定义view。
(2)由于是在view内部的touches方法中监听触摸事件,因此默认情况下,无法让其他外界对象监听view的触摸事件。
(3)不容易区分用户的具体手势行为。
UIGestureRecognizer
iOS 3.2后,苹果推出了手势识别功能(Gesture Recognizer),在触摸事件处理方面,大大简化了开发者的开发难度。
手势识别器UIGestureRecognizer类的实例也是处理触屏事件的好帮手,其内部也使用目标行为表。
包含了7种手势
- UITapGestureRecognizer:点击(单击、双击、三连击等)手势
- UIPinchGestureRecognizer:缩放手势
- UIPanGestureRecognizer:拖拽手势
- UISwipeGestureRecognizer:滑动手势
- UIRotationGestureRecognizer:旋转手势
- UILongPressGestureRecognizer:长按手势
- UIScreenEdgePanGestureRecognizer: 屏幕边缘平移
UIControl
UIKit中我们常用的是UIControl类实例的addTarget:action:forControlEvents:方法维护控件目标行为表,除了UIKit控件外,
点击后如何找到响应者
hitTest
hitTest: withEvent:方法
事件传递的时候调用
当事件传递给控件的时候,就会调用控件的这个方法,去寻找最合适的view
作用:寻找最合适的view
pointInside
pointInside:withEvent:方法
作用:判断当前这个点在不在方法调用者(控件)上
当两个控件有重叠,需要将事件判断是哪一个控件执行的时候
响应是如何传递的
在iOS中只有继承了UIResponder的对象才能接收并处理事件称为响应者对象
UIApplication,UIViewController,UIView都继承自UIResponder,因此他们都是响应者对象, 都能够接收并处理事件。
继承自UIResponder的类能处理事件是由于UIResponder内部提供了以下方法
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {}
override func touchesMoved(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {}
override func touchesEnded(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {}
override func touchesCancelled(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {}
通过如下方法传递给下一个响应者
override func touchesBegan(_ touches: Set<UITouch>, with event: UIEvent?) {
self.next?.touchesBegan(touches, with: event)
}
手势和点击事件重叠如何响应
如何解决手势和手势重叠?
覆盖在上一层的View实现UIGestureRecognizerDelegate协议中的方法
gestureRecognizer:shouldRecognizeSimultaneouslyWithGestureRecognizer
如何解决手势和单击事件重叠?
UIGestureRecognizer 有个属性cancelsTouchesInView,这个属性默认值是true,即当手势识别成功后,会发送touchesCancelled消息给view来结束view的响应。
如果cancelsTouchesInView为false,那么gestureRecognizer和view都可以响应