(function() {

  //确立根对象
  var root = this;

  //保存之前的_变量
  var previousUnderscore = root._;

  //约定简写的属性和方法(节省空间，减少了对象成员的访问深度，(Array.prototype.push --> push), 这样做能带来一定的性能提升)
  var ArrayProto = Array.prototype, ObjProto = Object.prototype, FuncProto = Function.prototype;

  var
    push             = ArrayProto.push,
    slice            = ArrayProto.slice,
    toString         = ObjProto.toString,
    hasOwnProperty   = ObjProto.hasOwnProperty;

  var
    nativeIsArray      = Array.isArray,
    nativeKeys         = Object.keys,
    nativeBind         = FuncProto.bind,
    nativeCreate       = Object.create;

//定义一个空函数，为后面代理原型交换用
  var Ctor = function(){};

//定义一个安全的underscore对象的引用
  var _ = function(obj) {
    if (obj instanceof _) return obj;
    if (!(this instanceof _)) return new _(obj);
    this._wrapped = obj;
  };

  if (typeof exports !== 'undefined') {
    if (typeof module !== 'undefined' && module.exports) {
      exports = module.exports = _;
    }
    exports._ = _;
  } else {
    root._ = _;
  }

//版本号
  _.VERSION = '1.8.3';

  //一个内部函数，返回高效的回调函数用于在其他underscore函数中反复调用。
  var optimizeCb = function(func, context, argCount) {
    if (context === void 0) return func;
    switch (argCount == null ? 3 : argCount) {
      case 1: return function(value) {
        return func.call(context, value);
      };
      case 2: return function(value, other) {
        return func.call(context, value, other);
      };
      case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
        return func.call(context, value, index, collection);
      };
      case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
        return func.call(context, accumulator, value, index, collection);
      };
    }
    return function() {
      return func.apply(context, arguments);
    };
  };

  //
  var cb = function(value, context, argCount) {
    if (value == null) return _.identity;
    if (_.isFunction(value)) return optimizeCb(value, context, argCount);
    if (_.isObject(value)) return _.matcher(value);
    return _.property(value);
  };
  _.iteratee = function(value, context) {
    return cb(value, context, Infinity);
  };

  //
  var createAssigner = function(keysFunc, undefinedOnly) {
    return function(obj) {
      var length = arguments.length;
      if (length < 2 || obj == null) return obj;
      for (var index = 1; index < length; index++) {
        var source = arguments[index],
            keys = keysFunc(source),
            l = keys.length;
        for (var i = 0; i < l; i++) {
          var key = keys[i];
          if (!undefinedOnly || obj[key] === void 0) obj[key] = source[key];
        }
      }
      return obj;
    };
  };

  //一个用于创建一个继承自另一个Object的新Object的内部函数
  //继承原型方法
  var baseCreate = function(prototype) {
    if (!_.isObject(prototype)) return {};
    if (nativeCreate) return nativeCreate(prototype);
    Ctor.prototype = prototype;
    var result = new Ctor;
    Ctor.prototype = null;
    return result;
  };
  //继承属性
  var property = function(key) {
    return function(obj) {
      return obj == null ? void 0 : obj[key];
    };
  };

  //定义数组的最大长度(为了避免某些bug)，Math.pow()为求幂运算
  var MAX_ARRAY_INDEX = Math.pow(2, 53) - 1;
  var getLength = property('length');
  //类数组判定
  var isArrayLike = function(collection) {
    var length = getLength(collection);
    return typeof length == 'number' && length >= 0 && length <= MAX_ARRAY_INDEX;
  };