识别出三个指标，当一个群体参与到发散式思考；识别出三个指标，当一个群体参与到收敛式思考？
Facilitation引导：帮助一组人理解他们共同的目标，并帮助他们如何参与学习，如何计划做决定的过程，及如何达到这些目标。
引导技术有核心的3个核心阶段：发散、呻呤、收敛
发散思考指标：
everyone has sth. written down 每个人都写了些东西
people start thinking silently（brainstorming）人们开始静静地头脑风暴
Surveying the Territory, Raising Difficult Issues, Searching for Alternatives 探索疆域，提出棘手的问题， 寻求替代品
呻吟抱怨区集成不同意见的挑战：
Everyone approaches a discussion from his or her own individual frame of reference 每个人从自己的思路中参与到对话中
people seem to think that participants in a discussion should start out with a shared framework, causing discomfort 人们似乎认为，对话参与者们都应该从统一的框架开始，同时这会带来不舒服
people become impatient with one another: they say things they regret, they stop listening, or they act childishly 人们变得相互不耐烦：他们说了些后悔的话，停止 了聆听，或表现得幼稚
收敛式思考指标：
people start to post idea on flip-chart and walk around 人们开始向墙上张贴想法，并走来走去
some conversation emerges 浮现出一些对话
people start to group sticky notes into groups 人们开始将报事贴进行分组排列
