Android Architecture Component -- Lifecycle 浅析

Lifecycle 是 Android Architecture Components 的一个组件，用于将系统组件（Activity、Fragment等等）的生命周期分离到 Lifecycle 类，Lifecycle 允许其他类作为观察者，观察组件生命周期的变化。

public class LifecycleObserverDemo implements LifecycleObserver {

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY)
    void onAny(LifecycleOwner owner, Lifecycle.Event event) {
        System.out.println("onAny:" + event.name());
    }
    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE)
    void onCreate() {
        System.out.println("onCreate");
    }

    @OnLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY)
    void onDestroy() {
        System.out.println("onDestroy");
    }
}

然后在 LifecycleRegistryOwner 比如 LifecycleActivity 加入这么一行代码：

    getLifecycle().addObserver(new LifecycleObserverDemo());

然后？然后就没了，运行起来可以看到 LifecycleActivity 的生命周期发生变化时，LifecycleObserverDemo 总能得到通知。而 LifecycleActivity 只有寥寥几行代码，并没有覆盖任何回调方法。那么 Lifecycle 是怎么做到的，是不是有点黑魔法的感觉？

代码解析

FragmentActivity继承自SupportActivity

ReportFragment

ReportFragment的主要作用是：

1. 生命周期中分发各个Lifecycle.Event, 到FragmentActivity中
   dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);

在SupportActivity.onCreate中加入ReportFragment

    @Override
    @SuppressWarnings("RestrictedApi")
    protected void onCreate(@Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        ReportFragment.injectIfNeededIn(this);
    }

.......

    @Override
    public void onActivityCreated(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        super.onActivityCreated(savedInstanceState);
        dispatchCreate(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);//Event.ON_CREATE是在onActivityCreated之后才发送的，其他还是在生命周期中发送
    }

    @Override
    public void onStart() {
        super.onStart();
        dispatchStart(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_START);
    }

    @Override
    public void onResume() {
        super.onResume();
        dispatchResume(mProcessListener);
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_RESUME);
    }

    @Override
    public void onPause() {
        super.onPause();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_PAUSE);
    }

    @Override
    public void onStop() {
        super.onStop();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_STOP);
    }

    @Override
    public void onDestroy() {
        super.onDestroy();
        dispatch(Lifecycle.Event.ON_DESTROY);
        // just want to be sure that we won't leak reference to an activity
        mProcessListener = null;
    }
.......

注意：RecordFragment控制的是FragmentActivity的生命周期，对于其中的其他的Fragment，在Fragment中有mLifecycleRegistry变量来控制，代码如下：

    void performCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
        if (mChildFragmentManager != null) {
            mChildFragmentManager.noteStateNotSaved();
        }
        mState = CREATED;
        mCalled = false;
        onCreate(savedInstanceState);
        mIsCreated = true;
        if (!mCalled) {
            throw new SuperNotCalledException("Fragment " + this
                    + " did not call through to super.onCreate()");
        }
        mLifecycleRegistry.handleLifecycleEvent(Lifecycle.Event.ON_CREATE);
    }

addObserver, 注册

LifecycleRegistry.java 重点类，Observer管理，event关于与分发

    @Override
    public void addObserver(@NonNull LifecycleObserver observer) {
        State initialState = mState == DESTROYED ? DESTROYED : INITIALIZED;
        ObserverWithState statefulObserver = new ObserverWithState(observer, initialState); //反射出observer中的注解为@OnLifecycleEvent的方法，并初始化Observer的状态INITIALIZED. 整个反射的过程，请查看ReflectiveGenericLifecycleObserver，ClassesInfoCache.createInfo
        ObserverWithState previous = mObserverMap.putIfAbsent(observer, statefulObserver);

        if (previous != null) {
            return;
        }
        LifecycleOwner lifecycleOwner = mLifecycleOwner.get();
        if (lifecycleOwner == null) {
            // it is null we should be destroyed. Fallback quickly
            return;
        }

        boolean isReentrance = mAddingObserverCounter != 0 || mHandlingEvent;
        State targetState = calculateTargetState(observer);
        mAddingObserverCounter++;
        while ((statefulObserver.mState.compareTo(targetState) < 0
                && mObserverMap.contains(observer))) {
            pushParentState(statefulObserver.mState);
            statefulObserver.dispatchEvent(lifecycleOwner, upEvent(statefulObserver.mState));
            popParentState();
            // mState / subling may have been changed recalculate
            targetState = calculateTargetState(observer);
        }

        if (!isReentrance) {
            // we do sync only on the top level.
            sync();
        }
        mAddingObserverCounter--;
    }


.........

 /**
     * Sets the current state and notifies the observers.
     * <p>
     * Note that if the {@code currentState} is the same state as the last call to this method,
     * calling this method has no effect.
     *
     * @param event The event that was received
     */
    public void handleLifecycleEvent(@NonNull Lifecycle.Event event) {
        State next = getStateAfter(event);
        moveToState(next);
    }

...........

ObserverWithState.java，Observer和state组成的类，在LifecycleRegistry中会调用observer.dispatchEvent

void dispatchEvent(LifecycleOwner owner, Event event) {
            State newState = getStateAfter(event);
            mState = min(mState, newState);
            mLifecycleObserver.onStateChanged(owner, event);
            mState = newState;
        }

ClassInfoCache.java CallbackInfo，通过反射获取event和method，并建立缓存，最终会根据传进来的event，调用对应的方法。

  @SuppressWarnings("WeakerAccess")
    static class CallbackInfo {
        final Map<Lifecycle.Event, List<MethodReference>> mEventToHandlers;
        final Map<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> mHandlerToEvent;

        CallbackInfo(Map<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> handlerToEvent) {
            mHandlerToEvent = handlerToEvent;
            mEventToHandlers = new HashMap<>();
            for (Map.Entry<MethodReference, Lifecycle.Event> entry : handlerToEvent.entrySet()) {
                Lifecycle.Event event = entry.getValue();
                List<MethodReference> methodReferences = mEventToHandlers.get(event);
                if (methodReferences == null) {
                    methodReferences = new ArrayList<>();
                    mEventToHandlers.put(event, methodReferences);
                }
                methodReferences.add(entry.getKey());
            }
        }

        @SuppressWarnings("ConstantConditions")
        void invokeCallbacks(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event, Object target) {
            invokeMethodsForEvent(mEventToHandlers.get(event), source, event, target);
            invokeMethodsForEvent(mEventToHandlers.get(Lifecycle.Event.ON_ANY), source, event,
                    target);
        }

        private static void invokeMethodsForEvent(List<MethodReference> handlers,
                LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event, Object mWrapped) {
            if (handlers != null) {
                for (int i = handlers.size() - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
                    handlers.get(i).invokeCallback(source, event, mWrapped);
                }
            }
        }
    }

//MethodReference
 void invokeCallback(LifecycleOwner source, Lifecycle.Event event, Object target) {
            //noinspection TryWithIdenticalCatches
            try {
                switch (mCallType) {
                    case CALL_TYPE_NO_ARG:
                        mMethod.invoke(target);
                        break;
                    case CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER:
                        mMethod.invoke(target, source);
                        break;
                    case CALL_TYPE_PROVIDER_WITH_EVENT:
                        mMethod.invoke(target, source, event);
                        break;
                }
            } catch (InvocationTargetException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException("Failed to call observer method", e.getCause());
            } catch (IllegalAccessException e) {
                throw new RuntimeException(e);
            }
        }