习题1：词的共时研究

第一章词的形态构成

重点提示：词的定义，语素定义与分类，语素变体

难点提示：词的同一性问题，语素的同一性问题

1. Organize the following terms into a tree diagram to show their logical relationships.

affix morpheme

derivational affix free root

bound root inflectional affix

prefix free morpheme

bound morpheme suffix

2. Fill in the form below. Your examples must come from the following words:

carelessness = care + -less + -ness

internationalize = inter- + nation + -al + -ize

dogs = dog + -s

buses = bus + -es

killed = kill + -ed

第二章词的意义

重点提示：意义分类、意义三角理论、语义成分分析

难点提示：

1. Organize the following terms into a tree diagram to show their logical relationships.

word meaning grammatical meaning

lexical meaning conceptual meaning

associative meaning connotative meaning

social meaning stylistic meaning

affective meaning collocative meaning

2. Ogden & Richards proposed a theory for word meaning, which is refered to as semantic triangle. please draw the semantic triangle below.

3. Finish the componential analysis of MAN, WOMAN, BOY, GIRL by filling in "+" and "-" in the matrix below.

human adult male animate

man

woman

boy

girl

重点提示：语境类型、语境作用、语境意义与原义的关系

难点提示：

1. Two types of contexts are linguistic context and extra-linguistic context.

2. Three functions of context are elimilating ambiguity, conveying emotional overtones and indicating referents.