Admin管理工具
Django提供了基于web的管理工具
Django自动管理工具是django.contrib的一部分，可以在项目的settings.py的INSTALLED_APPS看到
INSTALLED_APPS = [
'django.contrib.admin',
'django.contrib.auth',
'django.contrib.contenttypes',
'django.contrib.sessions',
'django.contrib.messages',
'django.contrib.staticfiles',
'TestModel',
]
激活管理工具
通常在生成项目时会在urls.py中自动设置好
url(r'^admin/',admin.site.urls),
# -*- coding:utf-8 -*-
from django.conf.urls import url
from django.contrib import admin
from django.http import HttpResponse
from . import view,testdb,search,search2
urlpatterns = [
url(r'^admin/',admin.site.urls),
url(r'^$',view.hello),
url(r'^testdb$',testdb.testdb),
url(r'^search-form$',search.search_form),
url(r'^search$',search.search),
url(r'^search-post$',search2.search_post),
]
使用管理工具
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通过命令
python manage.py createsuperuser来创建超级用户
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输入账号密码登录
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为了让admin界面管理某个数据模型，我们需要先注册该数据模型到admin
比如我们之前在TestModel中已创建了模型Test。修改TestModel/admin.py，刷新页面
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register(Test)
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复杂模型
先在TestModel/models.py中增加一个更复杂的数据模型
下面代码里的两个表（Tag，Contact），Tag以Contact为外部键，一个Contact可以对应多个Tag
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.db import models
# Create your models here.
#models.py
class Test(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length=20)
class Contact(models.Model):
name = models.CharField(max_length = 200)
age = models.IntegerField(default = 0)
email= models.EmailField()
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
class Tag(models.Model):
contact = models.ForeignKey(Contact)
name = models.CharField(max_length = 50)
def __unicode__(self):
return self.name
在TestModel/admin.py里注册多个模型并显示，多个模型用中括号括起来，逗号隔开
别忘了修改导入
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
# Register your models here.
admin.site.register([Test,Contact,Tag])
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创建表结构
python manage.py makemigrations TestModel # 让 Django 知道我们在我们的模型有一些变更
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python manage.py migrate TestModel # 创建表结构
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数据库新增的表
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自定义表单
如下，我们新增Contact时默认有三个字段，如果我想隐藏掉Age，可以这么做。
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修改TestModel/admin.py
给Contact定义一个类，只展示name，email
然后注册时指定Contact使用这个类
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
# Register your models here.
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fields = ('name','email')
admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])
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也可以自定义格式，将输入栏分块，修改TestModel/admin.py
Main：主显示
Advance：可选显示
'classes':('collapse',),是个css样式，折叠。
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
# Register your models here.
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
fieldsets = (
['Main',{
'fields':('name','email'),
}
],
['Advance',{
'classes':('collapse',),#css
'fields':('age',),
}
]
)
admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])
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内联显示
上面的Contact是Tag的外部键，可以使用内联显示，将Tag附加在Contact的编辑页面显示
修改TestModel/admin.py
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Tag
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
inlines = [TagInline] #Inline
fieldsets = (
['Main',{
'fields':('name','email'),
}
],
['Advance',{
'classes':('collapse',),#css
'fields':('age',),
}
]
)
admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])
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列表页显示
自定义列表页面展示，在ContactAdmin中增加list_display属性
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Tag
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name','age','email') #list
inlines = [TagInline] #Inline
fieldsets = (
['Main',{
'fields':('name','email'),
}
],
['Advance',{
'classes':('collapse',),#css
'fields':('age',),
}
]
)
admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])
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在列表增加搜索栏
修改TestModel/admin.py，使用search_fields
# -*- coding: utf-8 -*-
from __future__ import unicode_literals
from django.contrib import admin
from TestModel.models import Test,Contact,Tag
# Register your models here.
class TagInline(admin.TabularInline):
model = Tag
class ContactAdmin(admin.ModelAdmin):
list_display = ('name','age','email') #list
search_fields = ('name',) #search
inlines = [TagInline] #Inline
fieldsets = (
['Main',{
'fields':('name','email'),
}
],
['Advance',{
'classes':('collapse',),#css
'fields':('age',),
}
]
)
admin.site.register(Contact,ContactAdmin)
admin.site.register([Test,Tag])
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