R语言中dcast 和 melt的使用

1. 图片说明

2. 例子

示例数据：

set.seed(123)dat = data.frame(ID = paste0("ID_",1:10),y1 = rnorm(10),y2=rnorm(10),y3=rnorm(10),y4 = rnorm(10))dat

结果

> dat      ID          y1         y2         y3          y41   ID_1 -0.56047565  1.2240818 -1.0678237  0.426464222   ID_2 -0.23017749  0.3598138 -0.2179749 -0.295071483   ID_3  1.55870831  0.4007715 -1.0260044  0.895125664   ID_4  0.07050839  0.1106827 -0.7288912  0.878133495   ID_5  0.12928774 -0.5558411 -0.6250393  0.821581086   ID_6  1.71506499  1.7869131 -1.6866933  0.688640257   ID_7  0.46091621  0.4978505  0.8377870  0.553917658   ID_8 -1.26506123 -1.9666172  0.1533731 -0.061911719   ID_9 -0.68685285  0.7013559 -1.1381369 -0.3059626610 ID_10 -0.44566197 -0.4727914  1.2538149 -0.38047100

3. 变为三列：ID，trait，y：melt

代码

re1 = melt(data = dat,id.vars=c("ID"),variable.name="Loc",value.name="y")head(re1)

结果预览

> head(re1)    ID Loc           y1 ID_1  y1 -0.560475652 ID_2  y1 -0.230177493 ID_3  y1  1.558708314 ID_4  y1  0.070508395 ID_5  y1  0.129287746 ID_6  y1  1.71506499

4. 三列变为去：dcast

代码

dcast(data=re1,ID ~Loc)

结果

> dcast(data=re1,ID ~Loc)Using 'y' as value column. Use 'value.var' to override      ID          y1         y2         y3          y41   ID_1 -0.56047565  1.2240818 -1.0678237  0.426464222  ID_10 -0.44566197 -0.4727914  1.2538149 -0.380471003   ID_2 -0.23017749  0.3598138 -0.2179749 -0.295071484   ID_3  1.55870831  0.4007715 -1.0260044  0.895125665   ID_4  0.07050839  0.1106827 -0.7288912  0.878133496   ID_5  0.12928774 -0.5558411 -0.6250393  0.821581087   ID_6  1.71506499  1.7869131 -1.6866933  0.688640258   ID_7  0.46091621  0.4978505  0.8377870  0.553917659   ID_8 -1.26506123 -1.9666172  0.1533731 -0.0619117110  ID_9 -0.68685285  0.7013559 -1.1381369 -0.30596266

5.命令解析

melt是融合的意思，将宽的数据，变为长的数据。比如在田间数据中，ID，Loc，rep1, rep2, re3,这里的rep1,rep2,rep3是重复1，2，3的值，需要将数据变为：ID，Loc，Rep，y四列的数据。这样就可以用melt命令

melt(dat,c("ID","Loc"))

> ex1 = data.frame(Cul = rep(1:10,2),Loc=rep(1:2,each=10),rep1=rnorm(20),rep2=rnorm(20),rep3=rnorm(20))> head(ex1)Cul Loc        rep1       rep2       rep31   1   1 -0.71040656  0.1176466  0.70178432   2   1  0.25688371 -0.9474746 -0.26219753   3   1 -0.24669188 -0.4905574 -1.57214424   4   1 -0.34754260 -0.2560922 -1.51466775   5   1 -0.95161857  1.8438620 -1.60153626   6   1 -0.04502772 -0.6519499 -0.5309065

> ex1_re = melt(ex1,c("Cul","Loc"))> head(ex1_re)Cul Loc variable       value1   1   1     rep1 -0.710406562   2   1     rep1  0.256883713   3   1     rep1 -0.246691884   4   1     rep1 -0.347542605   5   1     rep1 -0.951618576   6   1     rep1 -0.04502772

dcast是昌数据，变宽数据，因此ex1_re如果想要变回去，用dcast(ex1_re, Cul + Loc ~ variable), ~号左边是保持不变的列名，~右边是需要扩展的列名，省略的value是需要填充的数据。

> dcast(ex1_re,Cul+Loc~variable) Cul Loc        rep1        rep2       rep31    1   1 -0.71040656  0.11764660  0.70178432    1   2 -0.57534696  1.44455086  0.78773883    2   1  0.25688371 -0.94747461 -0.26219754    2   2  0.60796432  0.45150405  0.76904225    3   1 -0.24669188 -0.49055744 -1.57214426    3   2 -1.61788271  0.04123292  0.33220267    4   1 -0.34754260 -0.25609219 -1.51466778    4   2 -0.05556197 -0.42249683 -1.00837669    5   1 -0.95161857  1.84386201 -1.601536210   5   2  0.51940720 -2.05324722 -0.119452611   6   1 -0.04502772 -0.65194990 -0.530906512   6   2  0.30115336  1.13133721 -0.280395313   7   1 -0.78490447  0.23538657 -1.461755614   7   2  0.10567619 -1.46064007  0.562989515   8   1 -1.66794194  0.07796085  0.687916816   8   2 -0.64070601  0.73994751 -0.372438817   9   1 -0.38022652 -0.96185663  2.100108918   9   2 -0.84970435  1.90910357  0.976973419  10   1  0.91899661 -0.07130809 -1.2870305

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