Part 2. Training Programmes.
REAL TRAINING FOR ALL-ACTION MANAGERS
Learning by doing is familiar to every manager sent on a training course. Invariably this involves role-play based on studies of long-ago triumphs and disasters from a relevant industry or organisation.**H Managers are typically cast as key figures in these dramas, then comparisons are made later between how they dealt with the fictional situation and the actual event. ** The problem is, any experience of decision-making gained from role-play has one obvious shortcoming: it is not real life.
通过实践来学习对每一个被送去参加培训课程的经理都很熟悉。这总是要对一个相关行业和公司的长时间之前的成功和失败进行研究，然后进行一个角色扮演。经理们通常在这些角色扮演中扮成主要角色，然后对他们如何处理虚拟的情境和真实的事件做一个比较。问题是，任何一个在角色扮演中做出决定的经验有一个明显的缺点：这不是真实的生活。
To tackle this dilemma, some of the best-known companies have set up the International Management Development Consortium, which provides a range of executive development programmes for staff members 9.C The difference between these programmes and the average executive course, however, is that these courses are based on the concept of "live" consultancy. What this means is that they involve"action learning" through real-life situations and participants work as problem-solving consultants on projects within companies engaged in day-to-day business.
为了解决这一困境，有一些知名的公司已经建立了国际管理发展联盟，这个组织为了他们的员工提供一系列的个人发展课程。这个课程和其他普通的课程的不同在于，这些课程基于’现场‘咨询这一个概念。这个概念的意思是他们通过真实生活的场景进行”行为的学习“，作为一个问题解决的咨询师对每天在公司的工作中项目一起工作。
10.F Typically, groups of up to six course members undertake projects as part of this development programmeWith this they also take training and refresher courses in traditional business skills such as finance, marketing,staff management and strategic planning. This disciplines are taught by a mix of academics, business people and senior managers from Consortium companies who also monitor the consultancy work.
通常，作为这项发展课程，高达6个课程的员工的团体将参与到这个项目中。在这里他们也参加一些培训和关于传统商务的进修课程，比如说财务，市场，员工管理和战略规划。这些学科通过联盟中的大学老师，商务人员和高级经理来教，这些人也在监督着咨询工作。
More than 100 of these consultancy projects have been undertaken so far, and many more are to come.11.A They are being offered by companies who are aware of the benefits of the range of knowledge offered by the people on the course Generally, those who choose to attend the course come from various countries, reflecting the multi-national nature of companies within the Consortium..12. E This means that within every training group there will be a wide variety of experience, which is discussed and explored by the group... As a result of this cross-cultural exchange, the people on the course learn a great deal from each other- and often keep in contact on a professional level long after the end of their course.
到目前为止，超过100个这些咨询项目已经承接下来，同时还有更多的项目将要接下。这些项目正由这样的公司提供：这些公司意识到参与这些课程人员的丰富的知识会给公司带来帮助。 通常来说，这些选择了参加课程的人来自于各个国家，在联盟中反应了多民族文化公司的特色.这意味着在每个培训的团队中，都将有一个广泛的多样的经验，这些经验在团队中被讨论和研究。结果，这种跨文化的交流，参与课程的人员从彼此中学习了很多并经常在课程结束后对一些专业层面问题保持长期的交流。
The Consortium says language difficulties are not a problem when consultancies are undertaken for foreign companies on site. A translator is on hand to deal with difficulties which arise from technical terms or jargon. 13.G Another major advantage is that these companies usually get their problems solved very cheaply.... This is because they are not charged consultancy fees, although a nominal sum is payable for administration. The funding for the scheme is provided by each Consortium member who contributes to the cost of running the training courses, and the amount involved is considerably less then fees charged by leading business schools. 14.B.As well as the saving, there are also the dividends it pays in the form of improved staff performance . "It is", says the Chairman,"a real learning experience with techniques that can easily be used back at work."
这个联盟说：当外资公司的现场碰到咨询问题时，语言的障碍不是一个问题。一个现场的翻译将会处理碰到的技术或行业术语。另一个主要的有点事这些公司通常非常低的价格解决这些问题。这是因为他们不是按照咨询费收费，尽管也象征性的支付行政的费用。这个课程的基金由每一个联盟的会员提供，会员贡献用来运营的成本，他们投入的费用比那些著名的商学院要低的多。和节约的钱一样，有一部分钱是用来付给表现出色的员工。主席说，这是一个真实的用技术学习经验，这些经验可以很容易的在今后的工作中应用。
