前言:
前面说的框架,其实SpringBoot底层已经帮我们配好了,我们直接拿来用就好了,了解就好了。Web才是我们重点,我们如何在SpringBoot中进行相关的Web开发呢?下面一起来看看
1、简介
使用SpringBoot;
1)、创建SpringBoot应用,选中我们需要的模块;
2)、SpringBoot已经默认将这些场景配置好了,只需要在配置文件中指定少量配置就可以运行起来
3)、自己编写业务代码;
我们来回顾一下自动配置的原理
xxxxAutoConfiguration:帮我们给容器中自动配置组件;
2、SpringBoot对静态资源的映射规则;
xxxxProperties:配置类来封装配置文件的内容;
public void addResourceHandlers(ResourceHandlerRegistry registry) {
if (!this.resourceProperties.isAddMappings()) {
logger.debug("Default resource handling disabled");
return;
}
Integer cachePeriod = this.resourceProperties.getCachePeriod();
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern("/webjars/**")) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler("/webjars/**")
.addResourceLocations(
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/")
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
String staticPathPattern = this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern();
//静态资源文件夹映射
if (!registry.hasMappingForPattern(staticPathPattern)) {
customizeResourceHandlerRegistration(
registry.addResourceHandler(staticPathPattern)
.addResourceLocations(
this.resourceProperties.getStaticLocations())
.setCachePeriod(cachePeriod));
}
}
分析:
1)、所有 /webjars/** ,都去 classpath:/META-INF/resources/webjars/ 找资源;
webjars:以jar包的方式引入静态资源;
先引入jar包
<!--引入jquery-webjar-->在访问的时候只需要写webjars下面资源的名称即可
<dependency>
<groupId>org.webjars</groupId>
<artifactId>jquery</artifactId>
<version>3.3.1</version>
</dependency>
访问:
localhost:8080/webjars/jquery/3.3.1/jquery.js
2)、"/**" 访问当前项目的任何资源,都去(静态资源的文件夹)找映射
"classpath:/META-INF/resources/",
"classpath:/resources/",
"classpath:/static/",
"classpath:/public/"
"/":当前项目的根路径
只要没人处理都会到这些路径找静态资源
-
测试
将一些静态资源放进去
访问:
http://localhost:8080/asserts/js/Chart.min.js
3)、欢迎页; 静态资源文件夹下的所有index.html页面;被"/**"映射;
//配置欢迎页映射
@Bean
public WelcomePageHandlerMapping welcomePageHandlerMapping(
ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
return new WelcomePageHandlerMapping(resourceProperties.getWelcomePage(),
this.mvcProperties.getStaticPathPattern());
}
-
测试
访问:
localhost:8080
4)、所有的 **/favicon.ico 都是在静态资源文件下找
//配置喜欢的图标
@Configuration
@ConditionalOnProperty(value = "spring.mvc.favicon.enabled", matchIfMissing = true)
public static class FaviconConfiguration {
private final ResourceProperties resourceProperties;
public FaviconConfiguration(ResourceProperties resourceProperties) {
this.resourceProperties = resourceProperties;
}
@Bean
public SimpleUrlHandlerMapping faviconHandlerMapping() {
SimpleUrlHandlerMapping mapping = new SimpleUrlHandlerMapping();
mapping.setOrder(Ordered.HIGHEST_PRECEDENCE + 1);
//所有 **/favicon.ico
mapping.setUrlMap(Collections.singletonMap("**/favicon.ico",
faviconRequestHandler()));
return mapping;
}
@Bean
public ResourceHttpRequestHandler faviconRequestHandler() {
ResourceHttpRequestHandler requestHandler = new ResourceHttpRequestHandler();
requestHandler
.setLocations(this.resourceProperties.getFaviconLocations());
return requestHandler;
}
}
2、Thymeleaf使用
先来说说什么是模板引擎,我们以前接触过的jsp,freemarker都是模板引擎
模板引擎其实就是一个一个模板+一些数据然后渲染成我们想要的页面
SpringBoot推荐使用Thymeleaf
1、引入thymeleaf;
<dependency>
<groupId>org.springframework.boot</groupId>
<artifactId>spring-boot-starter-thymeleaf</artifactId>
2.1.6
</dependency>
切换thymeleaf版本
<properties>
<thymeleaf.version>3.0.9.RELEASE</thymeleaf.version>
<!-- 布局功能的支持程序 thymeleaf3主程序 layout2以上版本 -->
<!-- thymeleaf2 layout1-->
<thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>2.2.2</thymeleaf-layout-dialect.version>
</properties>
2、Thymeleaf使用
我们现在看看Thymeleaf的配置文件
@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "spring.thymeleaf")
public class ThymeleafProperties {
private static final Charset DEFAULT_ENCODING = Charset.forName("UTF-8");
private static final MimeType DEFAULT_CONTENT_TYPE = MimeType.valueOf("text/html");
public static final String DEFAULT_PREFIX = "classpath:/templates/";
public static final String DEFAULT_SUFFIX = ".html";
//
可以看到读取的路径都是classpath:/templetes/,我们只需要把html放在templetes下,thymeleaf就能自动渲染
-
测试
我们看到OK的。其实有点像以前我们配SpringMVC的时候的视图解析器~
2、使用thymeleaf语法;
要想使用thymeleaf,首先要导入命名空间
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en" xmlns:th="http://www.thymeleaf.org">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>Title</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Hello,Thymeleaf!</h1>
<!--th:text 将div里面的文本内容设置为 -->
<div th:text="${hello}">我会被替换的啦</div>
</body>
</html>
-
测试
可以看到div标签里面的内容被我们替换掉了。
3、语法规则
1)、th:text;改变当前元素里面的文本内容;
我们看看官方文档的一些说明
2)、表达式
什么是表达式?记得c:foreach,等常用表达式了吗;也就是类似的东西;下面贴出一些表达式和说明
Simple expressions:(表达式语法)
Variable Expressions: ${...}:获取变量值;OGNL;
1)、获取对象的属性、调用方法
2)、使用内置的基本对象:
#ctx : the context object.
#vars: the context variables.
#locale : the context locale.
#request : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletRequest object.
#response : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpServletResponse object.
#session : (only in Web Contexts) the HttpSession object.
#servletContext : (only in Web Contexts) the ServletContext object.
${session.foo}
3)、内置的一些工具对象:
#execInfo : information about the template being processed.
#messages : methods for obtaining externalized messages inside variables expressions, in the same way as they would be obtained using #{…} syntax.
#uris : methods for escaping parts of URLs/URIs
#conversions : methods for executing the configured conversion service (if any).
#dates : methods for java.util.Date objects: formatting, component extraction, etc.
#calendars : analogous to #dates , but for java.util.Calendar objects.
#numbers : methods for formatting numeric objects.
#strings : methods for String objects: contains, startsWith, prepending/appending, etc.
#objects : methods for objects in general.
#bools : methods for boolean evaluation.
#arrays : methods for arrays.
#lists : methods for lists.
#sets : methods for sets.
#maps : methods for maps.
#aggregates : methods for creating aggregates on arrays or collections.
#ids : methods for dealing with id attributes that might be repeated (for example, as a result of an iteration).
Selection Variable Expressions: *{...}:选择表达式:和${}在功能上是一样;
补充:配合 th:object="${session.user}:
<div th:object="${session.user}">
<!--直接获得对象的属性-->
<p>Name: <span th:text="*{firstName}">Sebastian</span>.</p>
<p>Surname: <span th:text="*{lastName}">Pepper</span>.</p>
<p>Nationality: <span th:text="*{nationality}">Saturn</span>.</p>
</div>
Message Expressions: #{...}:获取国际化内容
Link URL Expressions: @{...}:定义URL;
@{/order/process(execId=${execId},execType='FAST')}
Fragment Expressions: ~{...}:片段引用表达式
<div th:insert="~{commons :: main}">...</div>
Literals(字面量)
Text literals: 'one text' , 'Another one!' ,…
Number literals: 0 , 34 , 3.0 , 12.3 ,…
Boolean literals: true , false
Null literal: null
Literal tokens: one , sometext , main ,…
Text operations:(文本操作)
String concatenation: +
Literal substitutions: |The name is ${name}|
Arithmetic operations:(数学运算)
Binary operators: + , - , * , / , %
Minus sign (unary operator): -
Boolean operations:(布尔运算)
Binary operators: and , or
Boolean negation (unary operator): ! , not
Comparisons and equality:(比较运算)
Comparators: > , < , >= , <= ( gt , lt , ge , le )
Equality operators: == , != ( eq , ne )
Conditional operators:条件运算(三元运算符)
If-then: (if) ? (then)
If-then-else: (if) ? (then) : (else)
Default: (value) ?: (defaultvalue)
Special tokens:
No-Operation: _
- 测试
这里先做一小部分的测试,具体以后用到以后再查查