1.If you’re running or biking or swimming to increase your endurance, you can track your progress by your heart rate, your breathing, and how long you can keep going until your muscles falter due to lactic acid buildup.
falter
■to move awkwardly as if you might fall蹒跚；摇晃
造句：His voice faltered and he couldn’t say anything.
2.This means wandering around within a quarter mile or so of each of those places, taking notes on which buildings and which landmarks are in the vicinity.
in the vicinity
■在临近，在附近
in the vicinity of
■used before a number to show that it is not exact
造句：This season’s economic growth index is in the vicinity of last season.
3.You analyze a position in depth, predicting the next move, and if you get it wrong, you go back and figure out what you missed.
in-depth
■done carefully and in great detail, or discovering the real reasons which cause something深入详尽的
•an in-depth report/interview/analysis深入的报告／采访／分析
造句：After staying in county for years, he wrote a great documentary fiction about life in county.
4.That still left one loose end, however: perhaps the taxi drivers in the studies had started out with larger posterior hippocampi that gave them an advantage in finding their way around London, and the extensive testing they went through was nothing more than a weeding-out process that zeroed in on those prospective drivers who were naturally better equipped to be able to learn their way around the maze that is London.
weeding-out
淘汰，清除
weed out
■清除;剔除;淘汰If you weed out things or people that are useless or unwanted in a group, you find them and get rid of them.
5.pushup俯卧撑
pull-up引体向上
6.examiner■someone whose job is to decide how well someone has done in an examination主考人；考官
examinee■Anexaminee is someone who is taking an exam.参加考试者;应试者
作者讲了伦敦出租车司机的测试和拿到驾照的过程，先简略写下，稍后补上。
这让我想到了纪录片《人生七年》里的片段，这些孩子中确实有一个是想当出租车司机的，影片中展示了他骑着摩托车在伦敦的大街小巷穿行，认路。
最令人惊讶的实验是老花的中年人经过一段时间的训练之后，可以看得比之前清楚，这点非常棒。作者给出的解释是大脑处理信息的方式改变，值得深思，我们的大脑确实可塑性非常强。
