标签: C++ 算法 LeetCode 字符串 KMP
每日算法——leetcode系列
问题 Implement strStr()
Difficulty: Easy
Implement strStr().
Returns the index of the first occurrence of needle in haystack, or -1 if needle is not part of haystack.
class Solution {
public:
int strStr(string haystack, string needle) {
}
};
翻译
实现strStr()
难度系数:简单
实现strStr()。
返回匹配时的第一个索引, 如果没有匹配的就返回-1。(感觉原文用针和草堆来形容带诙谐)
思路
strstr
经典题。
假设:
遍历到的needle索引为j, haystack索引为i+j, needle,haystack长度分别为m,n
- 暴力法
遍历haystack和needle,如果haystack[i+j] == needle[j](匹配), 则 j++;
如果不等于(失配),i++, j = 0 T(O) = m * n - KMP
这个得专门写一篇总结的文章。
还有Linux的grep, BM算法
代码
class Solution {
public:
int strStr(string haystack, string needle) {
return strStrKMP(haystack, needle);
}
private:
// brute-force
int strStrBF(string haystack, string needle) {
if (needle.empty()){
return 0;
}
int i = 0;
int hSize = (int)(haystack.size());
int nSize = (int)(needle.size());
if (hSize < nSize){
return -1;
}
while(i < hSize){
int j = 0;
if (haystack[i + j] == needle[j]){
j++;
}else{
i++;
j = 0;
}
if (j >= nSize){
return i;
}
}
return -1;
}
// KMP
int strStrKMP(string haystack, string needle) {
if (needle.empty()){
return 0;
}
int i = 0;
int hSize = static_cast<int>(haystack.size());
int nSize = static_cast<int>(needle.size());
if (hSize < nSize){
return -1;
}
vector<int> next(nSize, -1);
calcNext(needle, next);
int j = 0;
while (i < hSize) {
if (j == -1 || haystack[i] == needle[j]){
i++;
j++;
}else{
j = next[j];
}
if (j >= nSize){
return i - nSize;
}
}
return -1;
}
void calcNext(const string& needle, vector<int> &next){
int nSize = static_cast<int>(needle.size());
int i = 0;
int j = -1;
while (i < nSize - 1) {
if (j == -1 || needle[i] == needle[j]){
i++;
j++;
next[i] = j;
}else{
j = next[j];
}
}
}
};