1.获得所有index

rest方式：

curl 'localhost:9200/_cat/indices?v'

JAVA方式：

GetIndexResponse response = client.admin().indices().prepareGetIndex().execute().actionGet();
        System.out.println(response.getIndices().length);
        String[] indices = response.getIndices();
        for(String indice : indices){
            System.out.println(indice);
        }

2.获得所有type

rest方式：

curl -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_mapping?pretty=true'

非格式化：

curl -s -XGET 'http://localhost:9200/_mapping'

JAVA方式：

GetMappingsResponse res = null;
try {
    res = client.admin().indices().getMappings(new GetMappingsRequest().indices(indice)).get();
} catch (InterruptedException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
} catch (ExecutionException e) {
    e.printStackTrace();
}
ImmutableOpenMap<String, MappingMetaData> mapping  = res.mappings().get(indice);
for (ObjectObjectCursor<String, MappingMetaData> c : mapping) {
    System.out.println("type = "+c.key);
    System.out.println("columns = "+c.value.source());
}

参考

Java API [2.4] » Java API Administration » Indices Administration
Elasticsearch Reference [2.4] » cat APIs
Elasticsearch Reference [2.4] » Indices APIs » Get Mapping
how to get type names of elastic search index in internal java api or jest api