一、Debian/Ubuntu
在Debian和基于Debian发行版（ubuntu）的Linux上可以使用apt命令来安装Jenkins
1.1 长期支持版
长期支持版 每12周发布一个版本，是Jenkins的稳定版。可以从debian-stable apt repository安装：
wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian-stable binary/ > \
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins
1.2 Weekly release
Weekly release每周发布一个版本，用来修复bug和新增功能。可以从 debian apt repository安装：
wget -q -O - https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian/jenkins.io.key | sudo apt-key add -
sudo sh -c 'echo deb https://pkg.jenkins.io/debian binary/ > \
/etc/apt/sources.list.d/jenkins.list'
sudo apt-get update
sudo apt-get install jenkins
如果安装过程中报如下错误：
jenkins : Depends: daemon but it is not installable
需要增加"universe" apt repository执行以下命令：
sudo add-apt-repository universe
安装包会执行以下操作：
- 设置Jenkins开机启动，启动文件在
/etc/init.d/jenkins - 以Jenkins用户启动服务
- Create a ‘jenkins’ user to run this service.
- 日志输出到
/var/log/jenkins/jenkins.log - 配置文件在
/etc/default/jenkins，比如JENKINS_HOME
1.3 安装Java
Jenkins的运行依赖Java环境，所以需要安装Java，有许多Java的实现，这里选择OpenJDK。
- 更新apt源
sudo apt update
- 搜索可用的安装包
sudo apt search openjdk
- 安装对应的包
sudo apt install openjdk-8-jdk
- 确认安装包
java -version
openjdk version "1.8.0_252"
OpenJDK Runtime Environment (build 1.8.0_252-8u252-b09-1ubuntu1-b09)
OpenJDK 64-Bit Server VM (build 25.252-b09, mixed mode)
二、Fedora
Fedoa通过dnf命令安装Jenkins。首先需要安装Jenkins的源。
2.1 Long Term Support release
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo \
https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
sudo dnf upgrade
sudo dnf install jenkins java-devel
2.2 Weekly release
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo \
http://pkg.jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins.repo
sudo rpm --import https://jenkins-ci.org/redhat/jenkins-ci.org.key
sudo dnf upgrade
sudo dnf install jenkins java-devel
Start Jenkins
- 启动方式
sudo systemctl start jenkins
- 查看启动状态
sudo systemctl status jenkins
- 如果一切正常，输出如下
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; generated)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-11-13 16:19:01 +03; 4min 57s ago
如果启动了firewall，需要添加Jenkins的端口到防火墙：
YOURPORT=8080
PERM="--permanent"
SERV="$PERM --service=jenkins"
firewall-cmd $PERM --new-service=jenkins
firewall-cmd $SERV --set-short="Jenkins ports"
firewall-cmd $SERV --set-description="Jenkins port exceptions"
firewall-cmd $SERV --add-port=$YOURPORT/tcp
firewall-cmd $PERM --add-service=jenkins
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
三、Red Hat / CentOS
通过yum命令来安装Jenkins。
3.1 Long Term Support release
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo \
https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.repo
sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat-stable/jenkins.io.key
sudo yum upgrade
sudo yum install jenkins java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
3.2 Weekly release
A new release is produced weekly to deliver bug fixes and features to users and plugin developers. It can be installed from the redhat yum repository.
sudo wget -O /etc/yum.repos.d/jenkins.repo \
https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.repo
sudo rpm --import https://pkg.jenkins.io/redhat/jenkins.io.key
sudo yum upgrade
sudo yum install jenkins java-1.8.0-openjdk-devel
sudo systemctl daemon-reload
3.3 Start Jenkins
- 启动命令
sudo systemctl start jenkins
- 查看启动状态
sudo systemctl status jenkins
Loaded: loaded (/etc/rc.d/init.d/jenkins; generated)
Active: active (running) since Tue 2018-11-13 16:19:01 +03; 4min 57s ago
...
同样的，如果启动了firewall，需要添加相应的防火墙策略：
YOURPORT=8080
PERM="--permanent"
SERV="$PERM --service=jenkins"
firewall-cmd $PERM --new-service=jenkins
firewall-cmd $SERV --set-short="Jenkins ports"
firewall-cmd $SERV --set-description="Jenkins port exceptions"
firewall-cmd $SERV --add-port=$YOURPORT/tcp
firewall-cmd $PERM --add-service=jenkins
firewall-cmd --zone=public --add-service=http --permanent
firewall-cmd --reload
