1 使用__new__方法
class Singleton(object):
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
if not hasattr(cls, '_instance'):
orig = super(Singleton, cls)
cls._instance = orig.__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
return cls._instance
class MyClass(Singleton):
a = 1
>>> one = MyClass()
>>> two = MyClass()
>>> one == two
True
>>> one is two
True
>>> id(one), id(two)
(4303862608, 4303862608)
2 共享属性
创建实例时把所有实例的__dict__指向同一个字典,这样它们具有相同的属性和方法.
class Borg(object):
_state = {}
def __new__(cls, *args, **kw):
ob = super(Borg, cls).__new__(cls, *args, **kw)
ob.__dict__ = cls._state
return ob
class MyClass2(Borg):
a = 1
3 装饰器版本
def singleton(cls, *args, **kw):
instances = {}
def getinstance():
if cls not in instances:
instances[cls] = cls(*args, **kw)
return instances[cls]
return getinstance
@singleton
class MyClass:
装饰器
def deco(func):
def _deco():
print 'before func'
func()
print 'after func'
return _deco
@deco
def myfunc():
print 'myfunc() called'
myfunc()
执行结果
[图片]
