小菜上一篇简单学习了一下 Android 原生接入 Flutter Module,现在学习一下两者之间的数据交互;
Flutter 与 Android/iOS 之间信息交互通过 Platform Channel 进行桥接;Flutter 定义了三种不同的 Channel;但无论是传递方法还是传递事件,其本质上都是数据的传递;
1. MethodChannel:用于传递方法调用;
2. EventChannel:用于数据流信息通信;
3. BasicMessageChannel:用于传递字符串和半结构化的信息;
每种 Channel 均包含三个成员变量;
- name:代表 Channel 唯一标识符,Channel 可以包含多个,但 name 为唯一的;
- messager:代表消息发送与接收的工具 BinaryMessenger;
- codec:代表消息的编解码器;
小菜以上一节 Android 原生集成 Flutter Module 为基础,针对不同的 Channel 进行学习尝试;且小菜通过 View / Fragment / Activity 三种原生加载方式进行测试;
MethodChannel
小菜在 Flutter 页面,点击右下角按钮,将消息传递给 Android;MethodChannel 通过 invokeMethod 进行消息发送,固定的第一个 name 参数是必须存在且唯一的,与 Android 原生中匹配;第二个参数为传送的数据,类似于 Intent 中的 ExtraData,只是支持的数据类型偏少;第三个可隐藏的参数为编解码器;
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
static const methodChannel = const MethodChannel('ace_demo_android_flutter');
String _result = '';
Future<Null> _getInvokeResult() async {
try {
_result = await methodChannel
.invokeMethod('ace_demo_user', {'name': '我不是老猪', 'gender': 1});
} on PlatformException catch (e) {
_result = "Failed: '${e.message}'.";
}
setState(() {});
}
void _incrementCounter() {
setState(() {
_getInvokeResult();
});
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
body: Center(
child: Text('${_result}', style: TextStyle(color: Colors.blueAccent, fontSize: 18.0))),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _incrementCounter, child: Icon(Icons.arrow_back)));
}
}
1. FlutterView
在 Android 集成 Flutter Module 中时,官方建议使用 View / Fragment 方式,在使用 View 时,建议 Activity 继承 FlutterActivity 或 FlutterFragmentActivity,通过 FlutterView 进行 MethodChannel 绑定监听;
public class MyFlutterViewActivity extends FlutterFragmentActivity {
private static final String CHANNEL = "ace_demo_android_flutter";
private static final String TAG = "MyFlutterViewActivity";
private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1000;
FlutterView flutterView;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
setContentView(R.layout.activity_flutter);
DisplayMetrics outMetrics = new DisplayMetrics();
getWindowManager().getDefaultDisplay().getMetrics(outMetrics);
int widthPixels = outMetrics.widthPixels;
int heightPixels = outMetrics.heightPixels;
flutterView = Flutter.createView(MyFlutterViewActivity.this, getLifecycle(), "/");
FrameLayout.LayoutParams layout = new FrameLayout.LayoutParams(widthPixels, heightPixels);
addContentView(flutterView, layout);
new MethodChannel(flutterView, CHANNEL).setMethodCallHandler(new MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler() {
@Override
public void onMethodCall(MethodCall call, MethodChannel.Result result) {
if (call.method.equals("ace_demo_user")) {
if (call.arguments != null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Flutter -> Android 回调内容:" + call.arguments.toString());
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Flutter -> Android 回调参数为空!");
}
result.success("Android -> Flutter 接收回调后返回值:" + TAG);
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.putExtra("data", call.arguments!=null?call.arguments.toString():"");
setResult(REQUEST_CODE, intent);
MyFlutterViewActivity.this.finish();
} else {
result.notImplemented();
}
}
});
}
}
2. FlutterFragment
使用 Fragment 方式时与 View 方式均需要获取 FlutterView 进行绑定,此时 Fragment 继承 FlutterFragment 较易获取;
public class MyFlutterFragment extends FlutterFragment {
private static final String CHANNEL = "ace_demo_android_flutter";
private static final String TAG = "MyFlutterFragment";
@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
@Override
public void onViewCreated(View view, @Nullable Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onViewCreated(view, savedInstanceState);
new MethodChannel((FlutterView) getView(), CHANNEL).setMethodCallHandler(new MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler() {
@Override
public void onMethodCall(MethodCall call, final MethodChannel.Result result) {
if (call.method.equals("ace_demo_user")) {
if (call.arguments != null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Flutter -> Android 回调内容:" + call.arguments.toString());
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Flutter -> Android 回调参数为空!");
}
result.success("Android -> Flutter 接收回调后返回值:" + TAG);
Toast.makeText(getActivity(), (call.arguments != null) ? "回调内容为:" + call.arguments.toString() : "回调参数为空!", Toast.LENGTH_SHORT).show();
} else {
result.notImplemented();
}
}
});
}
}
3. FlutterActivity
使用 Activity 方式同样需要获取 FlutterView 此时直接继承 FlutterActivity 或 FlutterFragmentActivity 即可;
public class MyFlutterActivity extends FlutterActivity {
private static final String CHANNEL = "ace_demo_android_flutter";
private static final String TAG = "MyFlutterActivity";
private static final int REQUEST_CODE = 1000;
@Override
protected void onCreate(Bundle savedInstanceState) {
super.onCreate(savedInstanceState);
GeneratedPluginRegistrant.registerWith(this);
new MethodChannel(getFlutterView(), CHANNEL).setMethodCallHandler(new MethodChannel.MethodCallHandler() {
@Override
public void onMethodCall(MethodCall call, MethodChannel.Result result) {
if (call.method.equals("ace_demo_user")) {
if (call.arguments != null) {
Log.e(TAG, "Flutter -> Android 回调内容:" + call.arguments.toString());
} else {
Log.e(TAG, "Flutter -> Android 回调参数为空!");
}
result.success("Android -> Flutter 接收回调后返回值:" + TAG);
Intent intent = new Intent();
intent.putExtra("data", call.arguments!=null?call.arguments.toString():"");
setResult(REQUEST_CODE, intent);
MyFlutterActivity.this.finish();
} else {
result.notImplemented();
}
}
});
}
}
我们分析 FlutterFragment 和 FlutterActivity 时会发现,依旧是一层层封装的 FlutterView;
小菜测试 onMethodCall 中若有与 Flutter 中传递的相同 method name 时可以尝试获取传递参数;若此时需要向 Flutter 返回传递参数可以通过 result.success() 方法进行数据传递,若无需传递则可不设置当前方法;
小菜理解,MethodChannel 主要是由 Flutter 主动向 Android 原生发起交互请求,小菜理解相对于于原生为被动式交互较多;
EventChannel
EventChannel 可以由 Android 原生主动向 Flutter 发起交互请求,小菜理解相对于原生为主动式交互,类似于 Android 发送一个广播在 Flutter 端进行接收;其使用方式与 MethodChannel 类似,根据 FlutterView 进行绑定监听,与上述相似,小菜不分开写了;
EventChannel 是对 Stream 流的监听,通过 onListener 进行消息发送,通过 onCancel 对消息取消;
new EventChannel(flutterView, CHANNEL).setStreamHandler(new EventChannel.StreamHandler() {
@Override
public void onListen(Object arguments, final EventChannel.EventSink events) {
events.success("我来自 " + TAG +" !! 使用的是 EventChannel 方式");
}
@Override
public void onCancel(Object arguments) {
}
});
Flutter 端通过 receiveBroadcastStream 进行数据流监听;分析源码得知,其内部同样是通过 invokeMethod 方法进行发送;listen 方法中,onData 为必须参数用作收到 Android 端发送数据的回调;onError 为数据接收失败回调;onDone 为接收数据结束回调;
StreamSubscription<T> listen(void onData(T event),
{Function onError, void onDone(), bool cancelOnError});
class _MyHomePageState extends State<MyHomePage> {
static const eventChannel = const EventChannel('ace_demo_android_flutter');
String _result = '';
StreamSubscription _streamSubscription;
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_getEventResult();
}
@override
void dispose() {
super.dispose();
if (_streamSubscription != null) {
_streamSubscription.cancel();
}
}
_getEventResult() async {
try {
_streamSubscription =
eventChannel.receiveBroadcastStream().listen((data) {
setState(() {
_result = data;
});
});
} on PlatformException catch (e) {
setState(() {
_result = "event get data err: '${e.message}'.";
});
}
}
@override
Widget build(BuildContext context) {
return Scaffold(
appBar: AppBar(title: Text(widget.title)),
body: Center(
child: Text('${_result}',
style: TextStyle(color: Colors.blueAccent, fontSize: 18.0))),
floatingActionButton: FloatingActionButton(
onPressed: _incrementCounter, child: Icon(Icons.arrow_back)));
}
}
BasicMessageChannel
BasicMessageChannel 主要传递字符串和半结构化的数据交互;其编解码有多种类型,在使用时建议 Android 与 Flutter 两端一致;
- BinaryCodec:基本二进制编码类型;
- StringCodec:字符串与二进制之间的编码类型;
- JSONMessageCodec:Json 与二进制之间的编码类型;
- StandardMessageCodec:默认编码类型,包括基础数据类型、二进制数据、列表、字典等与二进制之间等编码类型;
Flutter -> Android
Flutter 端向 Android 端发送 send 数据请求,Android 端接收到后通过 replay 向 Flutter 端发送消息,从而完成一次消息交互;
// Flutter 端
static const basicChannel = BasicMessageChannel<String>('ace_demo_android_flutter', StringCodec());
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_getBasicResult();
}
_getBasicResult() async {
final String reply = await basicChannel.send('ace_demo_user');
setState(() {
_result = reply;
});
}
// Android 端
final BasicMessageChannel channel = new BasicMessageChannel<String> (flutterView, CHANNEL, StringCodec.INSTANCE);
channel.setMessageHandler(new BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Object o, BasicMessageChannel.Reply reply) {
reply.reply("我来自 " + TAG +" !! 使用的是 BasicMessageChannel 方式");
}
});
Android -> Flutter
根据上述继续由 Android 端主动向 Flutter 端发送数据,Android 通过 send 向 Flutter 发送数据请求,Flutter 通过 setMessageHandler 接收后向 Android 端 return 返回结果,再由 Android 回调接收,从而完成一次数据交互;
public void send(T message) {
this.send(message, (BasicMessageChannel.Reply)null);
}
public void send(T message, BasicMessageChannel.Reply<T> callback) {
this.messenger.send(this.name, this.codec.encodeMessage(message), callback == null ? null : new BasicMessageChannel.IncomingReplyHandler(callback));
}
分析源码 send 有两个构造函数,有两个参数的构造方法用来接收 Flutter 回调的数据;
// Flutter 端
static const basicChannel = BasicMessageChannel<String>('ace_demo_android_flutter', StringCodec());
@override
void initState() {
super.initState();
_getBasicResult();
}
_getBasicResult() async {
final String reply = await
channel.setMessageHandler((String message) async {
print('Flutter Received: ${message}');
setState(() {
_result = message;
});
return "{'name': '我不是老猪', 'gender': 1}";
});
}
// Android 端
channel.setMessageHandler(new BasicMessageChannel.MessageHandler() {
@Override
public void onMessage(Object o, BasicMessageChannel.Reply reply) {
reply.reply("我来自 " + TAG +" !! 使用的是 BasicMessageChannel 方式");
channel.send("ace_demo_user");
//channel.send("ace_demo_user", new BasicMessageChannel.Reply() {
// @Override
// public void reply(Object o) {
// Intent intent = new Intent();
// intent.putExtra("data", o!=null?o.toString():"");
// setResult(REQUEST_CODE, intent);
// MyFlutterViewActivity.this.finish();
// }
//});
}
});
注意事项
1. ensureInitializationComplete must be called after startInitialization
小菜在从 Android 到 Flutter 交互过程时,崩溃提示如下问题;
小菜发现在 Application 中需要使用 FlutterApplication,FlutterApplication 的作用就是通过调用 FlutterMain 的 startInitialization 方法进行初始化;
import io.flutter.app.FlutterApplication;
public class MyApplication extends FlutterApplication {
}
2. 注意交互返回中内容是否为空
小菜在测试 MethodChannel 时,invokeMethod 时尝试了一个参数和两个参数的构造,只有一个参数的 invokeMethod 是没有回调内容的,而小菜在 Android 端未判空,虽然没有报异常,但是后面的代码都没有执行,很基本的问题却困扰小菜很久,希望大家可以避免;
3. 多种 Platform Channel 共同使用
小菜测试过程中,多种 Platform Channel 可以共同使用,可以根据业务或场景的不同配合使用,提高效率;
小菜对 Android 与 Flutter 交互还不够深入,仍需进一步学习;如有错误请多多指导!
来源:阿策小和尚
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