昨晚阿里云不知搞得啥活动,就入手了一台香港的云服务器,买了三年,价格也是很便宜,今天就给它搭建了一个lnmp环境,在搭建过程中遇到了好多的问题,下面就安装过程和问题做一些简单的整理。
nginx:
创建nginx的用户和组(否则会启动失败)
# groupadd nginx
# useradd -r -g nginx nginx
准备nginx的环境:
# yum -y groupinstall "Development tools"
# yum -y install gcc wget gcc-c++ automake autoconf libtool libxml2-devel libxslt-devel perl-devel perl-ExtUtils-Embed pcre-devel openssl-devel
# cd /usr/local/src/nginx-1.12.1
# ./configure \
--prefix=/usr/local/nginx \
--sbin-path=/usr/sbin/nginx \
--conf-path=/etc/nginx/nginx.conf \
--error-log-path=/var/log/nginx/error.log \
--http-log-path=/var/log/nginx/access.log \
--pid-path=/var/run/nginx.pid \
--lock-path=/var/run/nginx.lock \
--http-client-body-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/client \
--http-proxy-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/proxy \
--http-fastcgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/fcgi \
--http-uwsgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/uwsgi \
--http-scgi-temp-path=/var/tmp/nginx/scgi \
--user=nginx \
--group=nginx \
--with-pcre \
--with-http_v2_module \
--with-http_ssl_module \
--with-http_realip_module \
--with-http_addition_module \
--with-http_sub_module \
--with-http_dav_module \
--with-http_flv_module \
--with-http_mp4_module \
--with-http_gunzip_module \
--with-http_gzip_static_module \
--with-http_random_index_module \
--with-http_secure_link_module \
--with-http_stub_status_module \
--with-http_auth_request_module \
--with-mail \
--with-mail_ssl_module \
--with-file-aio \
--with-threads \
--with-stream \
--with-stream_ssl_module
# make && make install
# mkdir -pv /var/tmp/nginx/client
至此安装完毕,下面做一些善后工作:
创建nginx的启动脚本:
# vim /etc/init.d/nginx
#
# nginx - this script starts and stops the nginx daemon
#
# chkconfig: - 85 15
# description: Nginx is an HTTP(S) server, HTTP(S) reverse \
# proxy and IMAP/POP3 proxy server
# processname: nginx
# config: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# config: /etc/sysconfig/nginx
# pidfile: /var/run/nginx.pid
# Source function library.
. /etc/rc.d/init.d/functions
# Source networking configuration.
. /etc/sysconfig/network
# Check that networking is up.
[ "$NETWORKING" = "no" ] && exit 0
nginx="/usr/sbin/nginx"
prog=$(basename $nginx)
NGINX_CONF_FILE="/etc/nginx/nginx.conf"
[ -f /etc/sysconfig/nginx ] && . /etc/sysconfig/nginx
lockfile=/var/lock/subsys/nginx
start() {
[ -x $nginx ] || exit 5
[ -f $NGINX_CONF_FILE ] || exit 6
echo -n $"Starting $prog: "
daemon $nginx -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && touch $lockfile
return $retval
}
stop() {
echo -n $"Stopping $prog: "
killproc $prog -QUIT
retval=$?
echo
[ $retval -eq 0 ] && rm -f $lockfile
return $retval
killall -9 nginx
}
restart() {
configtest || return $?
stop
sleep 1
start
}
reload() {
configtest || return $?
echo -n $"Reloading $prog: "
killproc $nginx -HUP
RETVAL=$?
echo
}
force_reload() {
restart
}
configtest() {
$nginx -t -c $NGINX_CONF_FILE
}
rh_status() {
status $prog
}
rh_status_q() {
rh_status >/dev/null 2>&1
}
case "$1" in
start)
rh_status_q && exit 0
$1
;;
stop)
rh_status_q || exit 0
$1
;;
restart|configtest)
$1
;;
reload)
rh_status_q || exit 7
$1
;;
force-reload)
force_reload
;;
status)
rh_status
;;
condrestart|try-restart)
rh_status_q || exit 0
;;
*)
echo $"Usage: $0 {start|stop|status|restart|condrestart|try-restart|reload|force-reload|configtest}"
exit 2
esac
# chkconfig --add nginx
# chkconfgi nginx on
nginx的所有工作已经完毕,下面就是测试工作,可以自行完成!
mysql:
安装以来环境包:
# yum groupinstall "Server Platform Development" "Development tools" -y
# yum install cmake -y
创建组和用户:
# mkdir /mnt/data
# groupadd -r mysql
# useradd -r -g mysql -s /sbin/nologin mysql
# id mysql
修改属主和属组:
# chown -R mysql:mysql /mnt/data
cd /usr/local/src/mysql-5.6.35
cmake . -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/usr/local/mysql \
-DMYSQL_DATADIR=/mnt/data \
-DSYSCONFDIR=/etc \
-DWITH_INNOBASE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_ARCHIVE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_BLACKHOLE_STORAGE_ENGINE=1 \
-DWITH_READLINE=1 \
-DWITH_SSL=system \
-DWITH_ZLIB=system \
-DWITH_LIBWRAP=0 \
-DMYSQL_TCP_PORT=3306 \
-DMYSQL_UNIX_ADDR=/tmp/mysql.sock \
-DDEFAULT_CHARSET=utf8 \
-DDEFAULT_COLLATION=utf8_general_ci
# make && make install
修改安装目录的属组为mysql
# chown -R mysql:mysql /usr/local/mysql/
初始化数据库
# /usr/local/mysql/scripts/mysql_install_db --user=mysql --datadir=/mnt/data
注:在CentOS 6.5版操作系统的最小安装完成后,在/etc目录下会存在一个my.cnf,需要将此文件更名为其他的名字,如:/etc/my.cnf.bak,否则,该文件会干扰源码安装的MySQL的正确配置,造成无法启动,另外如果初始化失败了,需要注意两点,一是需要修改my.cnf的名字,二是需要将--datadir=/mnt/data换成--basedir=/usr/local/mysql,然后再去执行初始化动作即可。如果后面MySQL还是起不来,可以将/etc/my.cnf删掉或改名,然后重新执行初始化操作,这时MySQL应该就会启动
拷贝配置文件和启动脚本
# cp /usr/local/mysql/support-files/mysql.server /etc/init.d/mysqld
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/mysqld
# cp support-files/my-default.cnf /etc/my.cnf
设置开机自动启动
# chkconfig mysqld on
# chkconfig --add mysqld
修改配置文件中的安装路径及数据目录存放路径
# echo -e "basedir = /usr/local/mysql\ndatadir = /mnt/data\n" >> /etc/my.cnf
设置PATH环境变量
# echo "export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/mysql/bin" > /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
# source /etc/profile.d/mysql.sh
启动服务
# service mysqld start
# mysql -h 127.0.0.1
配置php-fpm
Nginx本身不能处理PHP,作为web服务器,当它接收到请求后,不支持对外部程序的直接调用或者解析,必须通过FastCGI进行调用。如果是PHP请求,则交给PHP解释器处理,并把结果返回给客户端。PHP-FPM是支持解析php的一个FastCGI进程管理器。提供了更好管理PHP进程的方式,可以有效控制内存和进程、可以平滑重载PHP配置。
安装依赖环境:
# yum install -y epel-release
# yum -y install libmcrypt libmcrypt-devel mhash mhash-devel libxml2 libxml2-devel bzip2 bzip2-devel
注意:centos6默认的yum源是没有libmcrypt-devel包的,需要先安装epel才可以!!!
# cd /usr/local/src/php-5.5.38
# ./configure --prefix=/usr/local/php \
--with-config-file-scan-dir=/etc/php.d \
--with-config-file-path=/etc \
--with-mysql=/usr/local/mysql \
--with-mysqli=/usr/local/mysql/bin/mysql_config \
--enable-mbstring \
--with-freetype-dir \
--with-jpeg-dir \
--with-png-dir \
--with-zlib \
--with-libxml-dir=/usr \
--with-openssl \
-enable-xml \
--enable-sockets \
--enable-fpm \
--with-mcrypt \
--with-bz2
# make && make install
注意:如果在编译安装PHP时,如果出现报错:
make: *** [ext/fileinfo/libmagic/apprentice.lo] 错误 1
是因为内存不足1G导致,可以在编译时添加--disable-fileinfo(添加在指定安装路径后面),重新编译即可!!!
添加php和php-fpm配置文件
# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23/php.ini-production /etc/php.ini
# cd /usr/local/php/etc/
# cp php-fpm.conf.default php-fpm.conf
# sed -i 's@;pid = run/php-fpm.pid@pid = /usr/local/php/var/run/php-fpm.pid@' php-fpm.conf
添加php-fpm启动脚本
# cp /usr/local/src/php-5.6.23/sapi/fpm/init.d.php-fpm /etc/init.d/php-fpm
# chmod +x /etc/init.d/php-fpm
添加php-fpm至服务列表并设置开机自启
# chkconfig --add php-fpm
# chkconfig --list php-fpm
# chkconfig php-fpm on
启动服务
# service php-fpm start
添加nginx对fastcgi的支持,首先备份默认的配置文件
# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.confbak
# cp /etc/nginx/nginx.conf.default /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
编辑/etc/nginx/nginx.conf,在所支持的主页面格式中添加php格式的主页,类似如下
location / {
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
index index.php index.html index.htm;
}
取消以下内容前面的注释:
location ~ \.php$ {
root /usr/local/nginx/html;
fastcgi_pass 127.0.0.1:9000;
fastcgi_index index.php;
fastcgi_param SCRIPT_FILENAME /usr/local/nginx/html/$fastcgi_script_name;
include fastcgi_params;
}
重新载入nginx的配置文件。
# service nginx reload
在/usr/local/nginx/html/新建index.php的测试页面,内容如下。
# cat index.php
lnmp搭建完毕,测试即可