一、冠词的特点
冠词一般用在名词的前面,对名词起限定作用。不能离开名词单独存在,所以冠词属于虚词。汉语语法中没有冠词这一类别。例如:
a book; an apple; the dog; the houses
记忆口诀:
冠词用在名词前,限定名词作用显;
冠词切忌单独用,离开名词就完蛋。
二、冠词的用法
冠词分为不定冠词、定冠词和零冠词三类。
1、不定冠词的用法
不定冠词a,an,用在单数可数名词前面,泛指一类人或物中的任何一个。
① 不定冠词a,用于辅音音素开头的名词之前。例如:
a bed; a ship; a computer; a boy; a “U”;
② 不定冠词an,用于元音音素开头的名词之前。 例如:
an egg; an ear; an umbrella; an ink-bottle; an hour; an orange
记忆口诀:
不定冠词泛指“一”,后面的名词须注意;
开头辅音用呃(a) 做,开头元音嗯(an)代替。
2、定冠词the,用在单数或复数可数名词前,也可用在不可数名词前。
① 表示特指的人或物前。例如:
The man with a flower in his hand is Jack.
手里拿着一枝花的那个男子是杰克。
② 指说话人双方都知道的人或物前。例如:
Lily, close the door, please.
莉莉请把门关上。
③ 在上文提到过,第二次又提到的人或物前。例如:
There is a man under the tree. The man is called James.
树下有一个人,那个人叫詹姆斯。
④ 表示世界上独一无二的事物前。例如:
The sun is bigger than the moon.
太阳比月亮大。
⑤ 用在序数词前面。例如:
It is the first day of the new term.
今天是新学期第一天。
⑥ 用在乐器名称前。例如:
He often plays the violin at weekends.
他经常在周末拉小提琴。
⑦ 用在形容词最高级前。例如:
Spring is the best season in a year.
春季是一年中最美好的季节。
⑧ 用在由普通名词构成的专有名词前。例如:
I went to the Great Wall last week.
上周我去长城了。
⑨ 用在国家名称的缩写前。例如:
He is from the UK.
他来自英国。
记忆口诀:
特指名词the在前,掌握用法很简单;
单数复数均可用,可不可数无关联。
3、零冠词
零冠词是指名词前不用冠词的情况。
1) 国名,人名等专有名词前,通常用零冠词。例如:
Lu Xun is a great Chinese writer.
鲁迅是一位伟大的中国作家。
London is the capital of England.
伦敦是英国的首都。
China is a developing socialist country.
中国是一个发展中的社会主义国家。
注意:组合国名或缩写国名前,要加定冠词。例如:
the United States 美国;the U.K 英国。
2) 泛指的复数名词,表示一类人或事物时,通常用零冠词。例如:
They are teachers.
他们是教师。
Books are my best friends.
书是我的好朋友。
Students should obey the school rules.
学生应该遵守校规。
3) 抽象名词表示一般概念时,通常用零冠词。例如:
Failure is the mother of success。
失败乃成功之母。
4) 物质名词表示一般概念时,通常用零冠词。例如:
Man cannot live without water。
人离开水就无法生存。
Cotton feels soft.
棉花摸起来柔软。
The desk is made of wood.
这张书桌是木制的。
5)按英语习惯,在表示学科、语言等名词前,通常用零冠词。例如:
We are all interested in physics.
我们大家都对物理感兴趣。
6)在季节、月份、节日、 假日、日期、星期等表示时间的名词之前,通常用零冠词。例如:
School begins in September.
九月开学。
We go to school from Monday to Friday.
我们从星期一到星期五都上课。
We have four seasons- spring, summer, autumn and winter.
一年有四季:春夏秋冬。
We often go to see a film on Sunday.
我们经常周日去看电影。
Tomorrow is National Day.
明天是国庆节。
7) 在称呼或表示官衔,职位的名词前,通常用零冠词。例如:
The guards took the American to General Lee。
士兵们把这个美国人送到李将军那里。
Wilson became President of the U. S. A.
威尔逊当了美国总统。
He will be made captain of the football team.
他将被选为足球队队长。
Professor Wang 王教授;Doctor Tompson 汤普生医生
8) 在三餐、球类运动和娱乐运动的名称前,通常用零冠词。例如:
Won’t you stay and take lunch with us?
留在这儿吃午饭好吗?
Let’s go and play basketball.
我们去打篮球吧。
have breakfast; play chess; play football;
注意:在乐器前,必须加定冠词。例如:
play the piano; play the violin
9) 当两个或两个以上名词并用时,通常用零冠词。例如:
I can‘t write without pen or pencil。
没有钢笔和铅笔,我就写不了字。
10) 当by 与火车等交通工具连用,表示一种方式时,通常用零冠词。例如:
by bus; by train;
11) 有些个体名词,直接置于介词后,表示某种活动,其前通常零冠词。例如:
Jim has gone to bed.
吉姆已上床睡觉了。
She goes to church every Sunday.
她每周星期天都去做礼拜。
go to hospital去医院看病
go to the hospital 去医院 (并不是去看病,而是有其他目的)
这类名词常见的有:school,college,prison,market,hospital,bed,table,class,town,church,court 等。
12) 固定短语:
一些常用的固定短语,通常是用零冠词。相见下表:
记忆口诀:
不用冠词很常见,摘掉帽子称零冠;
季节月份节假日,星期娱乐三餐饭;
步行运动乘交通,上学卧床去医院。
三、作业
1、在空格内填上a或an
1) _____ ear 2) ______ actor 3) _____ hen 4) ______ toy
5) ______university 6) ______ elephant 7) _____ hat 8) ______ umbrella
9) ______ rabbit 10) ______ idea 11) ______ hour 12)_______ honest boy
13)______ interesting book 14)______easy question 15.______orange dress
16)_______ apple pie 17)_______ X-ray machine 18)______ ice cream
2、用a, an, the或“/”填空
1)________Washington is _______capital of ________United States of America.
2)There is _________”A” on his paper.
3)I ate ______apple. It’s _______red apple.
4)_______tall man over there is my boss.
5)_______earth moves around _________ sun.
6)No news is ________good news.
7)Have you visited ___________ Great Wall?
8)They often play _________ football after __________ school.
9)__________ Children need ________ love and _________ attention.
10)Are there any birds in _________ sky?
11)_________ student in the third row is _________ tallest in our class.
12).Did you have ________ breakfast this morning?
13)Mr. White will go to _________ Tokyo by _________ air.
14)By ________ way, do you know _________ old woman in glasses?
3、选择填空
1)Mom tells her little daughter ________ old story every night.
A. a B. / C. an D. the
2)________ computer on the table is Susan’s.
A. A B. An C. The D. /
3)There is ________ map of the world on ________ wall. ________ map is mine.
A. a, a, A B. a, the, The C. the, the, The D. the, the, A
4)________ Whites live on ________ floor.
A. /, three B. A, third C. The, third D. The, the third
5) ________Spring comes after ________ winter.
A. /, / B. The, / C. The, the D. A, the
6)I bought ________ shoes yesterday. ________ shoes are very beautiful.
A. a, The B. a pair of, The C. the, The D. a pair, The pair
7)He was ________ soldier in the Second World War.
A. a B. an C. the D. /
8)She can play ________ and ________ .
A. the tennis, the guitar B. tennis, guitar
C. the tennis, guitar D. tennis, the guitar
9)I can see ______ moon and ________ clouds in the sky.
A. the, a B. a, a C. the, / D. the, the
10)________ “c” is in “cat.” ________ “s” is in “sat.”
A. An, An B. An, A C. A, A D. A, An
11)________ Tian’anmen Square is in ________ Beijing.
A. /, / B. A, / C. The, / D. /, the
12)— Can you tell me ________ nearest bookshop?
— Go straight and turn right at _______ third crossing, and you will see it.
A. the, a B. the, the C. a, the D. the, /
四、答案