可用性指南：可访问性
3.3：不要只使用颜色来传达信息
相关重要指数：5级
证据强度：4级
文件类型：指南
主题：
可访问性
指南：
确保所有用颜色传达的信息也可以在没有颜色的情况下被识别。
注释：
永远不要将颜色作为关键活动的唯一指标。大约8% 的男性和一半的女性很难区分颜色的不同。大多数有颜色缺陷的用户很难在光谱的绿色部分看到颜色。
1. 为适应难以识别色彩的用户, 设计人员应:
2. 选择颜色缺陷的用户可以识别的颜色组合;
3. 使用工具来查看具有颜色缺陷的用户查看时网页的外观;
4. 确保前景和背景色之间的亮度对比度较高;
5. 增加光谱两端颜色之间的亮度对比度 (例如, 蓝色和红色);
6. 避免将光谱两端的浅色与光谱中间的深色结合起来。
资源：
1. Bailey, R.W. (1996). Human performance engineering: Designing high quality professional user interfaces for computer products, applications and systems (3rd ed.). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
2. Chisholm, W., Vanderheiden, G., & Jacobs, I., Eds. (1999c). Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0. Retrieved November 2005, from http://www.w3.org/TR/WCAG10/, Checkpoint 2.1.
3. Evans, M. (1998). Web Design: An Empiricist’s Guide. Unpublished master’s thesis. Seattle: University of Washington. Retrieved May 2003,
4. Hess, R. (2000, October). Can color-blind users see your site? Microsoft Corporation. Retrieved November 2005,
5. Levine, R. (1996). Guide to Web Style. Sun Microsystems.
6. Murch, G.M. (1985, June). Colour graphics: Blessing or ballyhoo? Computer Graphics Forum, 4(2), 127-135.
7. Rigden, C. (1999). Safe Web colours for colour-deficient vision. British Telecommunications Engineering Journal; also retrieved November 2005
8. Smith, S.L. & Mosier, J.N. (1986, August). Guidelines for designing user interface software. The MITRE Corporation Technical Report (ESD-TR-86-278).
9. Sullivan, T. & Matson, R. (2000, November). Barriers to use: Usability and content accessibility on the Web’s most popular sites. Proceedings of the Conference on Universal Usability, 139-144. Retrieved November 2005,
10. Thorell, L.G. & Smith, W.J. (1990). Using computer color effectively: An illustrated reference. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall.
11. Tullis, T.S. (2001). Web usability lessons learned. Fidelity Center for Applied Technology Technical Report. Fidelity Investments.
12.United States Government, Rehabilitation Act of 1973 (amended in 1998), Section 508. Retrieved November 2005,
13. Vischeck. Accessed November 2005,
14. Wolfmaier, T.G. (1999). Designing for the color-challenged: A challenge. Internetworking. Retrieved November 2005
相关资源：
1. Title: Section 508.Description: Section 508 requires that Federal agencies' electronic and information technology is accessible to people with disabilities. IT Accessibility & Workforce Division, in the U.S. General Services Administration's Office of Governmentwide Policy, has been charged with the task of educating Federal employees and building the infrastructure necessary to support Section 508 implementation. Using this web site, Federal employees and the public can access resources for understanding and implementing the requirements of Section 508.
2. Title: Web Accessibility Initiative.Description: Guidelines widely regarded as the international standard for Web accessibility
3. Title: WebAIM Section 508 Checklist.Description: Provides a checklist of 508 items for HTML.
