Merriam-Webster's Vocabulary Builder 词根笔记（15）DUC/DUCT
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DUC/DUCT, from the Latin verb ducere, “to lead,” shows up regularly in English. Duke means basically “leader.” The Italian dictator Mussolini was known simply as Il Duce, “the leader.” But such words as produce and reduce also contain the root, even though their meanings show it less clearly.
DUC / DUCT，来自拉丁语动词ducere，意思是“to lead”，经常在英语中出现。 Duke（公爵）的意思基本上就是“leader”。意大利独裁者墨索里尼的称号就是Il Duce（领袖）。Produce和reduce这些词也包含着这个词根，但它们的含义与“to lead”不太相符。
1.conducive/kənˈdjuːsɪv $ -ˈduː-/
Tending to promote, encourage, or assist; helpful.有助(于…)的;有益(于…)的
• She found the atmosphere in the quiet café conducive to study and even to creative thinking. 她在安静的咖啡厅找到了有利于学习甚至创造性思维的氛围。
Something conducive “leads to” a desirable result. A cozy（暖和舒适的） living room may be conducive to relaxed conversation, just as a boardroom（董事会会议室) may be conducive to more intense discussions. Particular tax policies are often conducive to savings and investment, whereas others are conducive to consumer spending. Notice that conducive is almost always followed by to.
2.deduction/dɪˈdʌkʃən/
(1) Subtraction. (2) The reaching of a conclusion by reasoning. (1)扣除;减除 (2)推论;推断;推论（过程）；演绎
• Foretelling the future by deduction based on a political or economic theory has proved to be extremely difficult. 事实证明，通过基于政治或经济理论的推论来预测未来是非常困难的。
To deduct is simply to subtract（减去）. A tax deduction is a subtraction from your taxable income allowed by the government for certain expenses, which will result in your paying lower taxes. Your insurance deductible（可扣除的） is the amount of a medical bill that the insurance company makes you subtract before it starts to pay—in other words, the amount that will come out of your own pocket. But deduction also means “reasoning（推理；论证）,” and particularly reasoning based on general principles to produce specific findings. Mathematical reasoning is almost always deduction, for instance, since it is based on general rules. But when Dr. Watson（华生） exclaims “Brilliant deduction, my dear Holmes!”（精彩的推理，我亲爱的福尔摩斯！） he simply means “brilliant reasoning,” since Sherlock Holmes's solutions are based on specific details he has noticed rather than on general principles.
3.induce/ɪnˈdjuːs $ ɪnˈduːs/
(1) Persuade, influence. (2) Bring about. （1）引诱;劝说（2）引起;导致
• To induce him to make the call we had to promise we wouldn't do it again. 为了劝说他打电话，我们必须承诺我们不会再这样做。
Inducing is usually gentle persuasion; you may, for instance, induce a friend to go to a concert, or induce a child to stop crying. An inducement（诱惑;引诱物） is something that might lure（引诱；诱惑；哄骗） you to do something, though inducements are occasionally a bit menacing（威胁的;威吓的;危险的）, like the Godfather's offer that you can't refuse（教父提出的无法拒绝的提议）. Induce also sometimes means “produce”; thus, doctors must at times induce labor（引产） in a pregnant woman. Notice that induct（给予职位） and induction（就职） are somewhat different from induce and inducement, though they come from the identical roots.
4.seduction/sɪˈdʌkʃən/
(1) Temptation to sin, especially temptation to sexual intercourse. (2) Attraction or charm. 诱惑; 引诱; 被引诱; 诱惑物
• The company began its campaign of seduction of the smaller firm by inviting its top management to a series of weekends at expensive resorts. 该公司通过邀请其高层管理人员在昂贵的度假村度过周末来诱惑这家小公司。
Seduction, with its prefix se-, “aside,” means basically “lead aside or astray（被引入歧途）.” In Hawthorne's novel The Scarlet Letter（在霍桑的小说《红字》中）, Hester Prynne is forced to wear a large scarlet A, for “adulteress,” （海丝特白兰被迫在胸口挂上一个红色的A字，意指“通奸”，）after it is revealed that she's been seduced by the Reverend Dimmesdale（当她被牧师亚瑟狄梅斯代尔勾引之事被揭露之后）. Seduction also takes less physical forms. Advertisements constantly try to seduce us (often using sex as a temptation（诱惑物;诱因）) into buying products we hadn't even known existed.
